Patents by Inventor Wendi CHANG
Wendi CHANG has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20230301131Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 24, 2023Publication date: September 21, 2023Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Publication number: 20230240100Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 31, 2023Publication date: July 27, 2023Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11700738Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 2020Date of Patent: July 11, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Patent number: 11647650Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 2021Date of Patent: May 9, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11309372Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 2018Date of Patent: April 19, 2022Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Chun-Yao Huang, Gloria Wong, Hairong Tang, Hitoshi Yamamoto, James E. Pedder, KiBeom Kim, Kwang Ohk Cheon, Lei Yuan, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Wendi Chang, Chun-Ming Tang, Cheng Chen, Ivan Knez, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Jungmin Lee
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Publication number: 20220005894Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 15, 2021Publication date: January 6, 2022Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 11211587Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and cross-talk, the thickness of at least one of the OLED layers may be reduced. To maintain the optical cavity of the pixels, transparent optical spacer structures may be inserted. Alternatively, the thickness of the anodes can be increased. To accommodate a common prime layer within the OLED layers, the optical spacers or anodes may be separately patterned to have different thicknesses. Grating structures and photonic crystal structures may be embedded as part of the optical spacers to help control emission at selected viewing angles.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 2019Date of Patent: December 28, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Kwang Ohk Cheon, Aleksandr N. Polyakov, Chen-Yue Li, Chuan-Jung Lin, KiBeom Kim, Nai-Chih Kao, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang
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Patent number: 11145700Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 2020Date of Patent: October 12, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Publication number: 20210057670Abstract: Pixels in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may be microcavity OLED pixels having optical cavities. The optical cavities may be defined by a partially transparent cathode layer and a reflective anode structure. The anode of the pixels may include both the reflective anode structure and a supplemental anode that is transparent and that is used to tune the thickness of the optical cavity for each pixel. Organic light-emitting diode layers may be formed over the pixels and may have a uniform thickness in each pixel in the display. Pixels may have a conductive spacer between a transparent anode portion and a reflective anode portion, without an intervening dielectric layer. The conductive spacer may be formed from a material such as titanium nitride that is compatible with both anode portions. The transparent anode portions may have varying thicknesses to control the thickness of the optical cavities of the pixels.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2020Publication date: February 25, 2021Inventors: Gloria Wong, Jaein Choi, Sunggu Kang, Hairong Tang, Xiaodan Zhu, Wendi Chang, Kanuo C. Kustra, Rui Liu, Cheng Chen, Teruo Sasagawa, Wookyung Bae
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Publication number: 20200312930Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have an undercut to disrupt continuity of some but not all of the OLED layers. The undercut may be defined by three discrete portions of the pixel definition layer. The undercut may result in a void that is interposed between different portions of the OLED layers to break a leakage path formed by the OLED layers.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 16, 2020Publication date: October 1, 2020Inventors: Jaein Choi, Hairong Tang, Gloria Wong, Sunggu Kang, Younggu Lee, Gwanwoo Park, Chun-Yao Huang, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang, Cheng Chen
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Patent number: 10658441Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material. The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 2018Date of Patent: May 19, 2020Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Kwang Ohk Cheon, Cheng Chen, Chien Lu, Chih-Lei Chen, Chin Wei Hsu, Hui Lu, KiBeom Kim, Lun Tsai, Meng-Huan Ho, Nai-Chih Kao, Pei-Ling Lin, Rui Liu, Shan-Jen Yu, Wendi Chang, Yusuke Fujino
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Publication number: 20200066815Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and the accompanying cross-talk in a display, the pixel definition layer may disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. The pixel definition layer may have a steep sidewall, a sidewall with an undercut, or a sidewall surface with a plurality of curves to disrupt continuity of the OLED layers. A control gate that is coupled to a bias voltage and covered by gate dielectric may be used to form an organic thin-film transistor that shuts the leakage current channel between adjacent anodes on the display.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 27, 2018Publication date: February 27, 2020Inventors: Jaein Choi, Andrew Lin, Cheuk Chi Lo, Chun-Yao Huang, Gloria Wong, Hairong Tang, Hitoshi Yamamoto, James E. Pedder, KiBeom Kim, Kwang Ohk Cheon, Lei Yuan, Michael Slootsky, Rui Liu, Steven E. Molesa, Sunggu Kang, Wendi Chang, Chun-Ming Tang, Cheng Chen, Ivan Knez, Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov, Giovanni Carbone, Graham B. Myhre, Jungmin Lee
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Publication number: 20200035951Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and cross-talk, the thickness of at least one of the OLED layers may be reduced. To maintain the optical cavity of the pixels, transparent optical spacer structures may be inserted. Alternatively, the thickness of the anodes can be increased. To accommodate a common prime layer within the OLED layers, the optical spacers or anodes may be separately patterned to have different thicknesses. Grating structures and photonic crystal structures may be embedded as part of the optical spacers to help control emission at selected viewing angles.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 25, 2019Publication date: January 30, 2020Inventors: Kwang Ohk Cheon, Aleksandr N. Polyakov, Chen-Yue Li, Chuan-Jung Lin, KiBeom Kim, Nai-Chih Kao, Rui Liu, Wendi Chang
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Patent number: 10256596Abstract: The disclosure relates to method and apparatus for micro-contact printing of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”) in a solvent-free environment. The disclosed embodiments enable forming a composite membrane over a parylene layer and transferring the composite structure to a receiving structure to form one or more microcavities covered by the composite membrane. The parylene film may have a thickness in the range of about 100 nm-2 microns; 100 nm-1 micron, 200-300 nm, 300-500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron and 1-30 microns. Next, one or more secondary layers are formed over the parylene to create a composite membrane. The composite membrane may have a thickness of about 100 nm to 700 nm to several microns. The composite membrane's deflection in response to external forces can be measured to provide a contact-less detector. Conversely, the composite membrane may be actuated using an external bias to cause deflection commensurate with the applied bias.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 2016Date of Patent: April 9, 2019Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Vladimir Bulovic, Jeffrey Hastings Lang, Apoorva Murarka, Annie I-Jen Wang, Wendi Chang
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Publication number: 20190067394Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material, The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 27, 2018Publication date: February 28, 2019Inventors: Kwang Ohk Cheon, Cheng Chen, Chien Lu, Chih-Lei Chen, Chin Wei Hsu, Hui Lu, KiBeom Kim, Lun Tsai, Meng-Huan Ho, Nai-Chih Kao, Pei-Ling Lin, Rui Liu, Shan-Jen Yu, Wendi Chang, Yusuke Fujino
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Publication number: 20180100767Abstract: A radiation detection technique employs field enhancing structures and electroluminescent materials to converts incident Terahertz (THz) radiation into visible light and/or infrared light. In this technique, the field-enhancing structures, such as split ring resonators or micro-slits, enhances the electric field of incoming THz light within a local area, where the electroluminescent material is applied. The enhanced electric field then induces the electroluminescent material to emit visible and/or infrared light via electroluminescent process. A detector such as avalanche photodiode can detect and measure the emitted light. This technique allows cost-effective detection of THz radiation at room temperatures.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 7, 2017Publication date: April 12, 2018Inventors: Brandt Christopher Pein, Harold Young Hwang, Wendi Chang, Keith Adam Nelson, Vladimir Bulovic, Nathaniel C. Brandt
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Patent number: 9810578Abstract: A radiation detection technique employs field enhancing structures and electroluminescent materials to converts incident Terahertz (THz) radiation into visible light and/or infrared light. In this technique, the field-enhancing structures, such as split ring resonators or micro-slits, enhances the electric field of incoming THz light within a local area, where the electroluminescent material is applied. The enhanced electric field then induces the electroluminescent material to emit visible and/or infrared light via electroluminescent process. A detector such as avalanche photodiode can detect and measure the emitted light. This technique allows cost-effective detection of THz radiation at room temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2016Date of Patent: November 7, 2017Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Brandt Christopher Pein, Harold Young Hwang, Wendi Chang, Keith A. Nelson, Vladimir Bulovic, Nathaniel C. Brandt
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Publication number: 20160380404Abstract: The disclosure relates to method and apparatus for micro-contact printing of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”) in a solvent-free environment. The disclosed embodiments enable forming a composite membrane over a parylene layer and transferring the composite structure to a receiving structure to form one or more microcavities covered by the composite membrane. The parylene film may have a thickness in the range of about 100 nm-2 microns; 100 nm-1 micron, 200-300 nm, 300-500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron and 1-30 microns. Next, one or more secondary layers are formed over the parylene to create a composite membrane. The composite membrane may have a thickness of about 100 nm to 700 nm to several microns. The composite membrane's deflection in response to external forces can be measured to provide a contact-less detector. Conversely, the composite membrane may be actuated using an external bias to cause deflection commensurate with the applied bias.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 27, 2016Publication date: December 29, 2016Inventors: Vladimir BULOVIC, Jeffrey Hastings LANG, Apoorva MURARKA, Annie I-Jen WANG, Wendi CHANG
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Publication number: 20160258807Abstract: A radiation detection technique employs field enhancing structures and electroluminescent materials to converts incident Terahertz (THz) radiation into visible light and/or infrared light. In this technique, the field-enhancing structures, such as split ring resonators or micro-slits, enhances the electric field of incoming THz light within a local area, where the electroluminescent material is applied. The enhanced electric field then induces the electroluminescent material to emit visible and/or infrared light via electroluminescent process. A detector such as avalanche photodiode can detect and measure the emitted light. This technique allows cost-effective detection of THz radiation at room temperatures.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 4, 2016Publication date: September 8, 2016Inventors: Brandt Christopher Pein, Harold Young Hwang, Wendi Chang, Keith A. Nelson, Vladimir Bulovic, Nathaniel C. Brandt
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Patent number: 9391423Abstract: The disclosure relates to method and apparatus for micro-contact printing of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”) in a solvent-free environment. The disclosed embodiments enable forming a composite membrane over a parylene layer and transferring the composite structure to a receiving structure to form one or more microcavities covered by the composite membrane. The parylene film may have a thickness in the range of about 100 nm-2 microns; 100 nm-1 micron, 200-300 nm, 300-500 nm, 500 nm to 1 micron and 1-30 microns. Next, one or more secondary layers are formed over the parylene to create a composite membrane. The composite membrane may have a thickness of about 100 nm to 700 nm to several microns. The composite membrane's deflection in response to external forces can be measured to provide a contact-less detector. Conversely, the composite membrane may be actuated using an external bias to cause deflection commensurate with the applied bias.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 2014Date of Patent: July 12, 2016Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Vladimir Bulovic, Jeffrey Hastings Lang, Apoorva Murarka, Annie I-Jen Wang, Wendi Chang