Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes conducting, by a network device, a query associated with a network function chain comprising a plurality of switches and middleboxes to verify whether a service performed by the network function chain complies with a Service Level Agreement (SLA); computing, by the network device, based on a result of the query, a difference in metric value between an actual performance metric of a packet passing through a path in the network function chain and an expected performance metric of the packet passing through the path; deriving, by the network device, a probability of SLA violation associated with the path based on the difference in metric value; and selectively monitoring, by the network device, a network of network function chains by monitoring the path for passive performance measurements based on the probability of SLA violation.

Abstract: Example method includes: receiving, by a network device in a network, a first network policy and a second network policy configured by a network administrator, wherein the first network policy comprises a first metric and the second network policy comprises a second and different metric; detecting, by the network device, a conflict between the first network policy and the second network policy; determining, by the network device, a relationship between the first metric and the second metric; modifying, by the network device, at least one of the first network policy and the second network policy to resolve the conflict based on the relationship between the first metric and the second metric; and combining, by the network device, the first network policy and the second network policy to generate a composite network policy that is represented on a single policy graph.

Abstract: An external speaker assembly and an audio apparatus are disclosed. The external speaker assembly comprises a housing, a speaker unit and a driving circuit; the external speaker assembly is detachably connected to an audio device; when the external speaker assembly is connected to the audio device, a sealed cavity is formed by the housing and a rear cover of the audio device; the speaker unit and the driving circuit are received in the sealed cavity; the driving circuit is configured to connect to the audio device, and receive an audio signal from the audio device to drive the speaker unit to produce sounds.

Abstract: An external speaker assembly and an audio apparatus are disclosed. The external speaker assembly comprises a housing, a speaker unit and a driving circuit; the external speaker assembly is detachably connected to an audio device; when the external speaker assembly is connected to the audio device, a sealed cavity is formed by the housing and a rear cover of the audio device; the speaker unit and the driving circuit are received in the sealed cavity; the driving circuit is configured to connect to the audio device, and receive an audio signal from the audio device to drive the speaker unit to produce sounds.

Abstract: In some examples, a method includes parsing, by a network device, a section of source code associated with a network function provided by a middlebox in a network; extracting, by the network device, a packet processing slice and a state transition slice from the section of source code; generating, by the network device, a plurality of execution paths from the packet processing slice and the state transition slice; and modeling the middlebox by inserting, by the network device, the plurality of execution paths to a match-action table that describes a packet processing model for the middlebox.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes conducting, by a network device, a query associated with a network function chain comprising a plurality of switches and middleboxes to verify whether a service performed by the network function chain complies with a Service Level Agreement (SLA); computing, by the network device, based on a result of the query, a difference in metric value between an actual performance metric of a packet passing through a path in the network function chain and an expected performance metric of the packet passing through the path; deriving, by the network device, a probability of SLA violation associated with the path based on the difference in metric value; and selectively monitoring, by the network device, a network of network function chains by monitoring the path for passive performance measurements based on the probability of SLA violation.

Abstract: A mobile terminal that sends out sound via a multifunctional battery cover and a method thereof. The mobile terminal includes a processing module that identifies a battery cover including a piezoelectric ceramic speaker based on an ID signal output by the battery cover and outputs an audio signal to the piezoelectric ceramic speaker.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes conducting, by a network device, a query associated with a network function chain comprising a plurality of switches and middleboxes to verify whether a service performed by the network function chain complies with a Service Level Agreement (SLA); computing, by the network device, based on a result of the query, a difference in metric value between an actual performance metric of a packet passing through a path in the network function chain and an expected performance metric of the packet passing through the path; deriving, by the network device, a probability of SLA violation associated with the path based on the difference in metric value; and selectively monitoring, by the network device, a network of network function chains by monitoring the path for passive performance measurements based on the probability of SLA violation.

Abstract: A mobile terminal that sends out sound via a multifunctional battery cover and a method thereof. The mobile terminal includes a processing module that identifies a battery cover including a piezoelectric ceramic speaker based on an ID signal output by the battery cover and outputs an audio signal to the piezoelectric ceramic speaker.

Abstract: A method and system for improving an echo in a hands-free call of a mobile terminal may include the mobile terminal comprising a speaker, a primary microphone and an auxiliary microphone; the distance from the primary microphone to the speaker can be less than that from the auxiliary microphone to the speaker; and the method may include using the auxiliary microphone to acquire outside sound during a hands-free call.

Abstract: Example method includes: receiving, by a network device in a network, a first network policy and a second network policy configured by a network administrator, wherein the first network policy comprises a first metric and the second network policy comprises a second and different metric; detecting, by the network device, a conflict between the first network policy and the second network policy; determining, by the network device, a relationship between the first metric and the second metric; modifying, by the network device, at least one of the first network policy and the second network policy to resolve the conflict based on the relationship between the first metric and the second metric; and combining, by the network device, the first network policy and the second network policy to generate a composite network policy that is represented on a single policy graph.

Abstract: A method and system for improving an echo in a hands-free call of a mobile terminal may include the mobile terminal comprising a speaker, a primary microphone and an auxiliary microphone; the distance from the primary microphone to the speaker can be less than that from the auxiliary microphone to the speaker; and the method may include using the auxiliary microphone to acquire outside sound during a hands-free call.

Abstract: In some examples, a method includes parsing, by a network device, a section of source code associated with a network function provided by a middlebox in a network; extracting, by the network device, a packet processing slice and a state transition slice from the section of source code; generating, by the network device, a plurality of execution paths from the packet processing slice and the state transition slice; and modeling the middlebox by inserting, by the network device, the plurality of execution paths to a match-action table that describes a packet processing model for the middlebox.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method includes conducting, by a network device, a query associated with a network function chain comprising a plurality of switches and middleboxes to verify whether a service performed by the network function chain complies with a Service Level Agreement (SLA); computing, by the network device, based on a result of the query, a difference in metric value between an actual performance metric of a packet passing through a path in the network function chain and an expected performance metric of the packet passing through the path; deriving, by the network device, a probability of SLA violation associated with the path based on the difference in metric value; and selectively monitoring, by the network device, a network of network function chains by monitoring the path for passive performance measurements based on the probability of SLA violation.