Abstract: A lead frame includes a base comprising a bearing surface for bearing a chip. The bearing surface includes a soldering region, with a solder layer arranged in the soldering region. The solder layer is configured for fixing the chip on the bearing surface. The lead frame includes a groove provided on the bearing surface in a thickness direction of the base. The groove is located outside the soldering region and surrounds at least part of the soldering region along the outer periphery of the soldering region for receiving solder paste overflowed from the soldering region. A depth of the groove is based on a thickness of the base. A packaging structure including the lead frame and a packaging method using the lead frame are also provided.

Abstract: A lead frame includes a base comprising a bearing surface for bearing a chip. The bearing surface includes a soldering region, with a solder layer arranged in the soldering region. The solder layer is configured for fixing the chip on the bearing surface. The lead frame includes a groove provided on the bearing surface in a thickness direction of the base. The groove is located outside the soldering region and surrounds at least part of the soldering region along the outer periphery of the soldering region for receiving solder paste overflowed from the soldering region. A depth of the groove is based on a thickness of the base. A packaging structure including the lead frame and a packaging method using the lead frame are also provided.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for data traffic steering based on quality of service. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise receiving data packets associated with a quality of service value, wherein the data packets are stored in a buffer and transmitted utilizing a first link, determining whether a condition that indicates a modification to a data routing schedule is satisfied and whether a second link is available, and in response to the determining indicating that the condition is satisfied and that the second link is available, performing the modification of the data routing schedule comprising utilizing the second link and the first link to transmit the data packets associated with the quality of service value.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, initiating emergency QoS measures in a RAN cell responsive to detecting an emergency condition applicable to the RAN cell, identifying, among a plurality of wireless communication devices served by the RAN cell, a set of non-emergency devices, identifying, among the set of non-emergency devices, one or more carrier aggregation (CA)-prone devices, and applying an updated buffer threshold value for a CA-prone device among the one or more CA-prone devices, to reduce a likelihood of initiation of carrier aggregation for the CA-prone device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, initiating emergency QoS measures in a RAN cell responsive to detecting an emergency condition applicable to the RAN cell, identifying, among a plurality of wireless communication devices served by the RAN cell, a set of non-emergency devices, identifying, among the set of non-emergency devices, one or more carrier aggregation (CA)-prone devices, and applying an updated buffer threshold value for a CA-prone device among the one or more CA-prone devices, to reduce a likelihood of initiation of carrier aggregation for the CA-prone device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a glass fiber tape, a surface modification method and an application thereof. The surface modification method includes the determination of an optimal decarburizing condition of the glass fiber tape, the decarburization of the glass fiber tape, and the coating of palmitic acid.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for data traffic steering based on quality of service. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise receiving data packets associated with a quality of service value, wherein the data packets are stored in a buffer and transmitted utilizing a first link, determining whether a condition that indicates a modification to a data routing schedule is satisfied and whether a second link is available, and in response to the determining indicating that the condition is satisfied and that the second link is available, performing the modification of the data routing schedule comprising utilizing the second link and the first link to transmit the data packets associated with the quality of service value.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for data traffic steering based on quality of service. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise receiving data packets associated with a quality of service value, wherein the data packets are stored in a buffer and transmitted utilizing a first link, determining whether a condition that indicates a modification to a data routing schedule is satisfied and whether a second link is available, and in response to the determining indicating that the condition is satisfied and that the second link is available, performing the modification of the data routing schedule comprising utilizing the second link and the first link to transmit the data packets associated with the quality of service value.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, initiating emergency QoS measures in a RAN cell responsive to detecting an emergency condition applicable to the RAN cell, identifying, among a plurality of wireless communication devices served by the RAN cell, a set of non-emergency devices, identifying, among the set of non-emergency devices, one or more carrier aggregation (CA)-prone devices, and applying an updated buffer threshold value for a CA-prone device among the one or more CA-prone devices, to reduce a likelihood of initiation of carrier aggregation for the CA-prone device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for data traffic steering based on quality of service. According to some embodiments, a system can comprise receiving data packets associated with a quality of service value, wherein the data packets are stored in a buffer and transmitted utilizing a first link, determining whether a condition that indicates a modification to a data routing schedule is satisfied and whether a second link is available, and in response to the determining indicating that the condition is satisfied and that the second link is available, performing the modification of the data routing schedule comprising utilizing the second link and the first link to transmit the data packets associated with the quality of service value.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, initiating emergency QoS measures in a RAN cell responsive to detecting an emergency condition applicable to the RAN cell, identifying, among a plurality of wireless communication devices served by the RAN cell, a set of non-emergency devices, identifying, among the set of non-emergency devices, one or more carrier aggregation (CA)-prone devices, and applying an updated buffer threshold value for a CA-prone device among the one or more CA-prone devices, to reduce a likelihood of initiation of carrier aggregation for the CA-prone device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system includes a software defined Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) switch, a plurality of eNobeBs connected to the CPRI switch using CPRI protocol, a plurality of Baseband units (BBUs) connected to the CPRI switch using CPRI protocol and wherein the CPRI switch is configured to connect a first one of the plurality of BBUs to a first one of the plurality of eNobeBs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring connectivity in a network at a bearer path layer are disclosed. For example, the method receives a request to monitor a user endpoint, identifies an internet protocol address of the user endpoint, an internet protocol address of each transport network element between the user endpoint and a bearer trace server, a bearer path identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint, a quality of service associated with each bearer used by the user endpoint, and a tunnel identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint; and performs a fault isolation and performance monitoring at a bearer path layer, wherein the fault isolation identifies a particular segment where a fault is detected at the bearer path layer.

Abstract: A system includes a software defined Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) switch, a plurality of eNobeBs connected to the CPRI switch using CPRI protocol, a plurality of Baseband units (BBUs) connected to the CPRI switch using CPRI protocol and wherein the CPRI switch is configured to connect a first one of the plurality of BBUs to a first one of the plurality of eNobeBs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring connectivity in a network at a bearer path layer are disclosed. For example, the method receives a request to monitor a user endpoint, identifies an internet protocol address of the user endpoint, an internet protocol address of each transport network element between the user endpoint and a bearer trace server, a bearer path identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint, a quality of service associated with each bearer used by the user endpoint, and a tunnel identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint; and performs a fault isolation and performance monitoring at a bearer path layer, wherein the fault isolation identifies a particular segment where a fault is detected at the bearer path layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring connectivity in a network at a bearer path layer are disclosed. For example, the method receives a request to monitor a user endpoint, identifies an internet protocol address of the user endpoint, an internet protocol address of each transport network element between the user endpoint and a bearer trace server, a bearer path identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint, a quality of service associated with each bearer used by the user endpoint, and a tunnel identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint; and performs a fault isolation and performance monitoring at a bearer path layer, wherein the fault isolation identifies a particular segment where a fault is detected at the bearer path layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring connectivity in a network at a bearer path layer are disclosed. For example, the method receives a request to monitor a user endpoint, identifies an internet protocol address of the user endpoint, an internet protocol address of each transport network element between the user endpoint and a bearer trace server, a bearer path identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint, a quality of service associated with each bearer used by the user endpoint, and a tunnel identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint; and performs a fault isolation and performance monitoring at a bearer path layer, wherein the fault isolation identifies a particular segment where a fault is detected at the bearer path layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring connectivity in a network at a bearer path layer are disclosed. For example, the method receives a request to monitor a user endpoint, identifies an internet protocol address of the user endpoint, an internet protocol address of each transport network element between the user endpoint and a bearer trace server, a bearer path identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint, a quality of service associated with each bearer used by the user endpoint, and a tunnel identification of each bearer used by the user endpoint; and performs a fault isolation and performance monitoring at a bearer path layer, wherein the fault isolation identifies a particular segment where a fault is detected at the bearer path layer.

Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, accessing configuration information, monitoring for radio resource control connection requests being transmitted from the wireless communication device to a first server of a first cell of a network, determining whether failed radio resource control connection requests satisfy a cell barring threshold based on the monitoring and based on the configuration information, and responsive to a determination that the cell barring threshold has been satisfied, causing the wireless communication device to perform cell selection for a second cell of the network and to perform cell barring of the first cell. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, accessing configuration information, monitoring for radio resource control connection requests being transmitted from the wireless communication device to a first server of a first cell of a network, determining whether failed radio resource control connection requests satisfy a cell barring threshold based on the monitoring and based on the configuration information, and responsive to a determination that the cell barring threshold has been satisfied, causing the wireless communication device to perform cell selection for a second cell of the network and to perform cell barring of the first cell. Other embodiments are disclosed.