Abstract: An ESR detection device and an ESR detection method are provided, the ESR detection device including a sample collecting and dispensing module, an ESR detection module and a data processing module. The sample collecting and dispensing module is configured for dispensing at least part of a blood sample to the ESR detection module. The ESR detection module is configured for obtaining disaggregation optical data during disaggregation of erythrocytes and/or aggregation optical data during reaggregation of erythrocytes. The data processing module is configured for obtaining an ESR detection result of the blood sample based on the aggregation optical data, determining, based on the disaggregation optical data and/or the aggregation optical data, whether or not there is a sample abnormality that leads to an abnormality in the ESR detection result, and outputting an alarm prompt when it is determined that the sample abnormality is present, thereby reducing clinical risk.