Abstract: This application provides a file access right authentication method and an electronic device, and relates to the field of communications technologies, so that right authentication can be performed on an access request for accessing a file in a system. This improves system security of the electronic device and protects user data. The method includes: receiving, by the electronic device, a file access request (501), where the file access request is used to request to access a first file on the electronic device; next, obtaining a first process identifier in the file access request, and determining first fixed identity information corresponding to the first process identifier (502); and finally, matching the first fixed identity information with authorized fixed identity information corresponding to the first file (503), and when the matching succeeds, determining that authentication of the file access request succeeds (505).