Abstract: Multiplexing systems for batteries of electrochemical cells and associated methods are generally described. Multiplexing systems may be used to improve certain properties of electrochemical cells, such as cycle life and/or safety, during cycling of the battery, according to some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments improvements in electrochemical cell and/or battery performance are provided that are associated with management of charging and discharging of electrochemical cells by the multiplexing system.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a causality-based anomaly detection mechanism that formulates multivariate time series as instances that do not follow the regular causal mechanism. Specifically, the causality-based anomaly detection mechanism leverages the causal structure discovered from data so that the joint distribution of multivariate time series is factorized into simpler modules where each module corresponds to a local causal mechanism, reflected by the corresponding conditional distribution. Those local mechanisms are modular or autonomous and can then be handled separately. In light of this modularity property, the anomaly detection problem then naturally decomposed into a series of low-dimensional anomaly detection problems. Each sub-problem is concerned with a local mechanism.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a parameter-efficient finetuning mechanism, referred to as “factor-tuning,” which first learns a compact representation of parameter changes with existing datasets on multiple domains, and then fine-tunes a small number of parameters (automatically extracted from the learned representation) on a new downstream task. In this way, the representation learned in the first step is shared across domains and transferred to new downstream tasks.

Abstract: Clamps for electrochemical cells and related systems and methods are generally described. In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce a contact between first and second portions of a container of an electrochemical cell (e.g., to reinforce a seal of an electrochemical cell pouch). In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce electronic communication between an electrode tab and an electrode tab extension. Application of such compressive clamp forces via a clamp may assist with maintaining integrity of contacts (e.g., seals, electrode tab connections) under challenging conditions such as during testing of the electrochemical cell (e.g., at elevated temperatures) and/or during shipping.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a system and method for unsupervised anomaly detection. The system receives, via a communication interface, a dataset of instances that include anomalies. The system determines, via an inlier model, a set of noisy labels. The system trains a causality-based label-noise model based at least in part on the set of noisy labels and the set of high-confidence instances. The system determines an estimated proportion of anomalies in the dataset of instances. The system retrains the inlier model based on the estimated inlier samples. The system iteratively retrains the inlier model and the trained causality-based label-noise model based on the output from the corresponding retrained models not converging within the convergence threshold. The system extracts the anomaly detection model from the iteratively trained causality-based label-noise model.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an in vitro proliferation medium, an in vitro culture kit and an in vitro proliferation culture method of umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived natural killer (NK) cells, and relates to the technical field of cell in vitro culture. In the present disclosure, the in vitro proliferation medium does not include animal serum to reduce immune responses when being used, with better safety. The in vitro proliferation medium is used to proliferate the UCB-derived NK cells in vitro, with simple and easy operations and low cost, and without coating, sorting and trophoblast cells. The medium does not include animal-derived ingredients, and has desirable safety and stability. The medium can be used for direct culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated by Ficoll, and harvest more NK cells that meet clinical use standards.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a causality-based anomaly detection mechanism that formulates multivariate time series as instances that do not follow the regular causal mechanism. Specifically, the causality-based anomaly detection mechanism leverages the causal structure discovered from data so that the joint distribution of multivariate time series is factorized into simpler modules where each module corresponds to a local causal mechanism, reflected by the corresponding conditional distribution. Those local mechanisms are modular or autonomous and can then be handled separately. In light of this modularity property, the anomaly detection problem then naturally decomposed into a series of low-dimensional anomaly detection problems. Each sub-problem is concerned with a local mechanism.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a two-stage model-agnostic approach for generating counterfactual explanation via counterfactual feature selection and counterfactual feature optimization. Given a query instance, counterfactual feature selection picks a subset of feature columns and values that can potentially change the prediction and then counterfactual feature optimization determines the best feature value for the selected feature as a counterfactual example.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide a two-stage model-agnostic approach for generating counterfactual explanation via counterfactual feature selection and counterfactual feature optimization. Given a query instance, counterfactual feature selection picks a subset of feature columns and values that can potentially change the prediction and then counterfactual feature optimization determines the best feature value for the selected feature as a counterfactual example.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a machine learning recommendation system. The system receives a user query for generating a recommendation for one or more items with an explanation associated with recommending the one or more items. The system obtains first features of at least one user and second features of a set of items. The system provides the first features and the second features to a first machine learning network for determining a predicted score for an item. The system provides a portion of the first features and a portion of the second features to second machine learning networks for determining explainability scores for an item and generating corresponding explanation narratives. The system provides the recommendation for one or more items and corresponding explanation narratives based on ranking predicted scores and explainability scores for the items.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.

Abstract: An assembly includes non-load bearing housings, each housing including several cavities. Each cavity includes a stack of freely stacked electrochemical storage cells in the housings. Each electrochemical storage cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The assembly is configured such that pressure applied to the assembly is born by the freely stacked electrochemical storage cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method may estimate binocular disparity maps of middle views from among a plurality of views through use of images of the plurality of views. The image processing apparatus may detect a moving object from the middle views based on the binocular disparity maps of the frames. Pixels in the middle views may be separated into dynamic pixels and static pixels through detection of the moving object. The image processing apparatus may apply bundle optimization and a local three-dimensional (3D) line model-based temporal optimization to the middle views so as to enhance binocular disparity values of the static pixels and dynamic pixels.

Abstract: An assembly includes non-load bearing housings, each housing including several cavities. Each cavity includes a stack of freely stacked electrochemical storage cells in the housings. Each electrochemical storage cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The assembly is configured such that pressure applied to the assembly is born by the freely stacked electrochemical storage cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus and method may estimate binocular disparity maps of middle views from among a plurality of views through use of images of the plurality of views. The image processing apparatus may detect a moving object from the middle views based on the binocular disparity maps of the frames. Pixels in the middle views may be separated into dynamic pixels and static pixels through detection of the moving object. The image processing apparatus may apply bundle optimization and a local three-dimensional (3D) line model-based temporal optimization to the middle views so as to enhance binocular disparity values of the static pixels and dynamic pixels.

Abstract: An electrochemical device including a housing and a stack of electrochemical cells in the housing. Each electrochemical cell includes an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a separator located between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode and an electrolyte. The electrochemical device also includes a current collector located between adjacent electrochemical cells, an anode bus operatively connected to the anodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack and a cathode bus operatively connected to the cathodes of the electrochemical cells in the stack. The housing, the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, the separator, the anode bus and the cathode bus are non-metallic.