Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisobutene by polymerizing isobutene using an inert diluent and a halogen-containing Lewis acid as a catalyst, wherein the isobutene in the form of droplets is contacted with the Lewis acid in a polymerization apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisobutene by polymerizing isobutene using an inert diluent and a halogen-containing Lewis acid as a catalyst, wherein the isobutene in the form of droplets is contacted with the Lewis acid in a polymerization apparatus.

Abstract: Glyceric acid compounds of the formula (I) R1R2C(OH)—CR3(OH)—COOX??(I) where R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen, C1-12-alkyl, C6-12-aryl, C7-13-alkaryl or C7-13-aralkyl and X is hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal/2 or NH4, are prepared by saponification of glycidic acid compounds of the formula (II) where Y is NH2 or OR4 in which R4 is C1-12-alkyl or C7-13-aralkyl, with ring-opening addition of water onto the epoxide ring. Preferably, Y is NH2 and the glycidamide of the formula (II) which is used is prepared by reacting acrylonitriles of the formula (III) R1R2C?CR3CN??(III) with hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxyalkyl carboxylates comprises reacting a carboxylic acid with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a multimetal cyanide compound of the formula I

Abstract: Glyceric acid compounds of the formula (I)

Abstract: Alkali metal sulfates are electrolyzed to more concentrated solutions of alkali metal hydroxide and sulfuric acid by using a three-compartment electrodialysis cell at temperatures of .gtoreq.70.degree. to .gtoreq.150.degree. C. and current densities of from 0.5 to 15 kA/m.sup.2 using an anion exchange membrane whose polymeric ion exchange matrix comprises a styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer containing very strongly basic quaternary ammonium groups and a hydronium ion blocker, on whose central compartment side is an ion exchange layer or membrane containing tertiary or secondary amino groups.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of an N-alkyl- or N,N-dialkyl-1,2-diaminoethane of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.5 -alkyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.5 -alkyl, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is an integer from 1 to 6, by reacting an imine of the general formula II ##STR2## with an amine of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, which comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of carbon dioxide at from 10.degree. to 150.degree. C. and at from 0.5 to 50 bar.

Abstract: .beta.-Alaninediacetic acid (Ia) or its alkali metal or ammonium salts (Ib) are prepared by a process in which iminodiacetic acid and acrylic acida) for the preparation of Ia, are reacted with one another in a nonbasic aqueous medium andb) for the preparation of Ib, are reacted with one another in an alkaline aqueous medium or an aqueous medium containing a nitrogen base, or the Ia formed in the nonbasic medium is converted with an alkali metal base, ammonia or an amine into Ib.

Abstract: .beta.-Alaninediacetic acid (Ia) or its alkali metal or ammonium salts (Ib) are prepared by a process in which iminodiacetic acid and acrylic acid(a) for the preparation of Ia, are reacted with one another in a nonbasic aqueous medium and(b) for the preparation of Ib, are reacted with one another in an alkaline aqueous medium or an aqueous medium containing a nitrogen base, or the Ia formed in the nonbasic medium is converted with an alkali metal base, ammonia or an amine into Ib.

Abstract: Washing and cleaning agents for aqueous use contain from 2 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent, of .beta.-alanine-N,N-diacetic acid or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof as water softener. The washing and cleaning agent is effective in preventing hardness deposits on textiles and fabrics.

Abstract: Pulverulent or water-free liquid detergents each essentially contain surfactants, builders, bleaching agents and effective amounts of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each for example H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 -alkyl, as bleach activators for peroxides.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-3-aminopropionic-N,N-diacetic acid and derivatives thereof are used in particular as complexing agents, bleaching agent stabilizers and builders in detergents.