Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing of d,l-&agr;-tocopherol by the catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol. This process includes carrying out the condensation in the presence of bis-(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)amine [HN(SO2CF3)2] or a metal salt thereof of the formula Met (N(SO2CF3)2)n (I) as the catalyst and supercritical carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as the solvent, wherein Met is a metal atom such as for example boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, scandium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, europium, dysprosium, ytterbium, hafnium, platinum and gold, and n is the corresponding valency (1, 2, 3, or 4) of the metal atom Met. A cosolvent may also be used, which is a lower aliphatic alkanol, ketone or hydrocarbon. The product of the process is the most active member of the vitamin E group.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of making (all-rac)-&agr;-tocopherol in a reaction having the following steps:

Abstract: The present invention is a process for concentrating aqueous epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) solutions by feeding an aqueous EGCG solution to at least one membrane module under pressure to provide a permeate purge and a retentate return so that in the latter the concentration of EGCG is increased. The permeate purge and the retentate return are then collected.

Abstract: A method of making (all-rac.)-&agr;-tocopherol by the acid-catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol or phytol wherein the condensation is carried out in the presence of a tris(perfluoroalkanesulphonyl or pentafluorobenzenesulphonyl)methane or a metal salt thereof as the catalyst in an organic solvent. In addition to the metal salt, a Bronsted acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid, may be used as a co-catalyst. The product of the method of making is the most active member of the vitamin E group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tocol acylate or tocopherol acylate having the following steps:

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing of d,l-&agr;-tocopherol by the catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol. This process includes carrying out the condensation in the presence of bis-(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)amine [HN(SO2CF3)2] or a metal salt thereof of the formula Met (N(SO2CF3)2)n (I) as the catalyst and supercritical carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as the solvent, wherein Met is a metal atom such as for example boron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, scandium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, europium, dysprosium, ytterbium, hafnium, platinum and gold, and n is the corresponding valency (1, 2, 3, or 4) of the metal atom Met. A cosolvent may also be used, which is a lower aliphatic alkanol, ketone or hydrocarbon. The product of the process is the most active member of the vitamin E group.

Abstract: A method of making (all-rac.)-&agr;-tocopherol by the acid-catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol or phytol wherein the condensation is carried out in the presence of a tris(perfluoroalkanesulphonyl or pentafluorobenzenesulphonyl)methane or a metal salt thereof as the catalyst in an organic solvent. In addition to the metal salt, a Bronsted acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid, may be used as a co-catalyst. The product of the method of making is the most active member of the vitamin E group.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of citral is provided by the catalyzed rearrangement of dehydrolinalool to citral. The rearrangement is carried out in the presence of a molybdenum compound of the general formula MoO2X2 wherein X signifies an acetylacetonate or halide ion, and a dialkyl or diaryl sulphoxide as the catalyst system, in the presence of an organic acid having a pK value in the range of about 4.0 to about 6.5 and in an apolar aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of dihydrocitral, a valuable intermediate, through the catalyzed rearrangement of dihydrodehydrolinalool by carrying out the rearrangement in the presence of a molybdenum compound of the general formula MoO2X2 wherein X signifies an acetylacetonate or halide ion, and a dialkyl or diaryl sulphoxide as the catalyst system, in the presence of an organic acid having a pK value in the range of about 4.0 to about 6.5 and in an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of d,1-.alpha.-tocopherol by the acid catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol is provided, in which the condensation is carried out in the presence of not more than about 0.4 weight percent, based on the weight of isophytol, of a sulfur-containing acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid, fluorosulphonic acid and mixtures thereof, and in a solvent which is ethylene or propylene carbonate or a mixture of both carbonates, or a mixture of one or both of the carbonates and a non-polar solvent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a 5-cyano-4-lower alkyl-oxazole by the dehydration of a 5-carbamoyl-4-lower alkyl-oxazole is disclosed. The reaction is carried out by dehydrating the oxazole with silicon tetrachloride in the presence of an amine in an aprotic organic solvent. 5-Carbamoyl-4-methyl-oxazole may be dehydrated by the process in accordance with the invention to obtain 5-cyano-4-methyl-oxazole, which is a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of pyridoxine.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of d,1-.alpha.-tocopherol by the catalyzed condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol comprises carrying out the condensation in the presence of bis-(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)amine ?HN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2 ! or a metal salt thereof of the formula Met ?N(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2 !.sub.n (I), wherein Met signifies a metal atom selected from the group of lithium, boron, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, scandium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, europium, dysprosium, ytterbium, hafnium, platinum and gold and n signifies the corresponding valency (1, 2, 3, or 4) of the metal atom Met, as the catalyst or of a combination of a metal salt of formula I and a strong Bronsted acid as the catalyst system in an organic solvent. The product of the process is the most active member of the vitamin E group.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of d,l-.alpha.-tocopherol by condensing trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol comprises carrying out the condensation in the presence of a polyperfluoroalkylenesulphonic acid as the catalyst and in a solvent, especially an aprotic solvent. The catalyst is preferably a polyperfluoroalkylenesulphonic acid from the Nafion.RTM. series, e.g., Nafion NR 50.RTM. or Nafion 117.RTM..

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the dehydration of amides to nitrites which comprises carrying out the dehydration in the presence of an adduct of sulphur trioxide and an amine as the dehydrating reagent in a basic reaction mixture. Thereby, for example, aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic amides are dehydrated to the corresponding nitrites, such as 5-carbamoyl-4-methyl-oxazole to 5-cyano-4-methyl-oxazole, a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of pyridoxine.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 5-cyano-4-lower alkyl-oxazoles is described in which a 5-carbamoyl-4-lower alkyl-oxazole is dehydrated in an organic solvent under mild conditions with cyanuric chloride and an N,N-disubstituted-formamide.