Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a gas-sensitive device includes a substrate structure, and a gas sensitive capacitor. The gas sensitive capacitor a first capacitor electrode in form of a gas-sensitive layer on a first main surface region of an insulation layer, and a second capacitor electrode in form of a buried conductive region below the insulation layer, so that the insulation layer is arranged between the first and second capacitor electrode. The gas-sensitive layer comprises a sheet impedance which changes in response to the adsorption or desorption of gas molecules.

Abstract: A sensor chip includes a substrate and one or more chemo-resistive gas sensing elements attached to the substrate. Each gas sensing element provides a signal depending on one or more gases to be sensed. A catalytic gas filter arrangement includes one or more filter sections, each filter section including a cavity covered with at least one membrane. The at least one membrane is supported by a support structure and includes gas permeable pores. A surface defining the pores includes a catalytic material for degrading one or more of the gases. The gas filter arrangement is arranged so at least one of the chemo-resistive gas sensing elements is exposed to a filtered mixture of the gases in the cavity of one of the filter sections. The filtered mixture of gases is obtained by filtering the ambient mixture of the one or more gases with the one of the filter sections.

Abstract: A gas sensing device includes chemo-resistive gas sensors, wherein each of the gas sensors generates signals corresponding to concentrations of gases in a mixture of gases; a heating arrangement for heating gas sensors according to a periodic temperature profile; a preprocessing processor for receiving the signals from each of the gas sensors and for preprocessing the received signals to generate a preprocessed signal sample for each of the gas sensors for each period of the periodic temperature profile; a feature extraction processor configured for receiving the preprocessed signal samples and for extracting for each of the periods a set of feature values from the preprocessed signal samples received for the respective period; and a gas concentration processor for receiving sets of feature values.

Abstract: A temperature-regulated chemi-resistive gas sensor includes a sensor surface including a chemically sensitive sensor layer including an active material for adsorbing and desorbing gas molecules of an analyte gas. A predetermined time-continuous periodic temperature profile is applied for periodically heating the sensor surface. An electrical sensor layer conductance signal is determined and time windows are applied to the sensor layer conductance signal. For one or more of the time windows, discrete frequency spectrum data of the sensor layer conductance signal is obtained, and a current gas concentration of the analyte gas is determined based on the obtained discrete frequency spectrum data.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a gas-sensitive device includes a substrate structure, and a gas sensitive capacitor. The gas sensitive capacitor a first capacitor electrode in form of a gas-sensitive layer on a first main surface region of an insulation layer, and a second capacitor electrode in form of a buried conductive region below the insulation layer, so that the insulation layer is arranged between the first and second capacitor electrode. The gas-sensitive layer comprises a sheet impedance which changes in response to the adsorption or desorption of gas molecules.

Abstract: A method for compensating for a loss of traction of a rail vehicle, preferably a freight locomotive, in a track curve, is particularly pertinent when the rail vehicle is starting up and/or is on an incline. Comparably unfavorable frictional conditions between a track and at least one driven track wheel of the rail vehicle are changed into comparably favorable frictional conditions by actively steering the track wheel on the rail.

Abstract: A method for compensating for a loss of traction of a rail vehicle, preferably a freight locomotive, in a track curve, is particularly pertinent when the rail vehicle is starting up and/or is on an incline. Comparably unfavorable frictional conditions between a track and at least one driven track wheel of the rail vehicle are changed into comparably favorable frictional conditions by actively steering the track wheel on the rail.

Abstract: A method for determining a torsional moment of a wheel set shaft of a rail vehicle during the operation of the rail vehicle is used for a wheel set shaft having two wheels secured to ends of the shaft for rolling on two rails. A model is used to calculate a torsional moment which acts on the wheel set shaft, and the model is based on a torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft at a specified slip action point. The torsional moment acting on the wheel set shaft is ascertained based on the energy of the torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft at the slip action point and based on a damping energy which acts on the torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft.

Abstract: A chemically sensitive Hall device having a substrate; a chemically sensitive layer arranged on the substrate and configured to operably interact with atoms or molecules of a gaseous or liquid fluid; first electrodes connected to the chemically sensitive layer and configured to feed a sensor current through the chemically sensitive layer along a first direction; and second electrodes connected to the chemically sensitive layer and configured to tap a Hall voltage at the chemically sensitive layer along a second direction.

Abstract: A chemically sensitive Hall device is described herein. In accordance with one example of the present invention, a Hall device comprises a substrate and a chemically sensitive layer arranged on the substrate. The chemically sensitive layer is able to interact with atoms or molecules of a gaseous or liquid fluid. Force electrodes are connected to the chemically sensitive layer for feeding a sensor current through the chemically sensitive layer along a first direction. Sense electrodes are connected to the chemically sensitive layer to tap a Hall voltage at the chemically sensitive layer along a second direction. A back gate is arranged on or integrated in the substrate and is isolated from the chemically sensitive layer by an isolation layer.

Abstract: A battery cell having a first switching member switchable between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position of the first switching member, a first electrode of the battery stack is being connected to a first terminal of the battery cell. In the second position of the first switching member the first electrode is being separated from the first terminal. The battery cell may further comprise a control unit in order to control a switching of the first switching member. Optionally there may be a second switching member providing a bypass between the second electrode and the first terminal, once the first terminal is being separated from the first electrode in response to a critical state of the battery cell.

Abstract: A method for determining a torsional moment of a wheel set shaft of a rail vehicle during the operation of the rail vehicle is used for a wheel set shaft having two wheels secured to ends of the shaft for rolling on two rails. A model is used to calculate a torsional moment which acts on the wheel set shaft, and the model is based on a torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft at a specified slip action point. The torsional moment acting on the wheel set shaft is ascertained based on the energy of the torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft at the slip action point and based on a damping energy which acts on the torsional vibration of the wheel set shaft.

Abstract: A chemically sensitive Hall device is described herein. In accordance with one example of the present invention, a Hall device comprises a substrate and a chemically sensitive layer arranged on the substrate. The chemically sensitive layer is able to interact with atoms or molecules of a gaseous or liquid fluid. Force electrodes are connected to the chemically sensitive layer for feeding a sensor current through the chemically sensitive layer along a first direction. Sense electrodes are connected to the chemically sensitive layer to tap a Hall voltage at the chemically sensitive layer along a second direction. A back gate is arranged on or integrated in the substrate and is isolated from the chemically sensitive layer by an isolation layer.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement monitor a brake system of a brake arrangement of a rail vehicle. To carry out such a method comparatively cost-effectively and gently on the wheels and rails, the deceleration of the rail vehicle is detected with a deceleration measured variable being obtained and the frictional connection between the wheel and rail is detected with a frictional connection measured variable being obtained. In the event of a small deceleration measured variable and a normal frictional connection measured variable, an error message signal is generated. In a brake system with at least one brake actuator, the deceleration of the rail vehicle is detected with a deceleration measured variable being obtained and the brake force of the at least one brake actuator is measured. In the case of a small deceleration measured variable and a low brake force, an error message signal is generated.

Abstract: A battery cell having a first switching member switchable between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position of the first switching member, a first electrode of the battery stack is being connected to a first terminal of the battery cell. In the second position of the first switching member the first electrode is being separated from the first terminal. The battery cell may further comprise a control unit in order to control a switching of the first switching member. Optionally there may be a second switching member providing a bypass between the second electrode and the first terminal, once the first terminal is being separated from the first electrode in response to a critical state of the battery cell.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement monitor a brake system of a brake arrangement of a rail vehicle. To carry out such a method comparatively cost-effectively and gently on the wheels and rails, the deceleration of the rail vehicle is detected with a deceleration measured variable being obtained and the frictional connection between the wheel and rail is detected with a frictional connection measured variable being obtained. In the event of a small deceleration measured variable and a normal frictional connection measured variable, an error message signal is generated. In a brake system with at least one brake actuator, the deceleration of the rail vehicle is detected with a deceleration measured variable being obtained and the brake force of the at least one brake actuator is measured. In the case of a small deceleration measured variable and a low brake force, an error message signal is generated.

Abstract: A generator including a double-chamber lock comprising two tapered or vertical chambers lined with ceramics or plastics, as a charging device, at least one tubular shaft furnace comprising a water-cooled double jacket of steel, a double-walled, water-cooled inlet nozzle of copper for a gasification mixture, arranged centrally in the tubular shaft furnace above the base, a dry dust-removing device, and optionally a desulfurising device. The double-chamber lock has a mechanism which causes one of the chambers to open when the lower chamber of the double-chamber lock is flushed with inert gas after charging/opening operations, and the inlet nozzle constitutes the mixing member for the constituents of the gasification mixture, the inlet nozzle has a radius of curvature of the surface of the cylindrical portion of the nozzle which continuously becomes smaller to the outlet opening, and the direction of flow of the gases leaving the inlet nozzle is directed upwards.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide gas (CO gas) that is free of sulfur compounds to the greatest possible extent and a process to use that gas in chemical syntheses, for example, for the synthesis of phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine.

Abstract: A generator including a double-chamber lock comprising two tapered or vertical chambers lined with ceramics or plastics, as a charging device, at least one tubular shaft furnace comprising a water-cooled double jacket of steel, a double-walled, water-cooled inlet nozzle of copper for a gasification mixture, arranged centrally in the tubular shaft furnace above the base, a dry dust-removing device, and optionally a desulfurising device. The double-chamber lock has a mechanism which causes one of the chambers to open when the lower chamber of the double-chamber lock is flushed with inert gas after charging/opening operations, and the inlet nozzle constitutes the mixing member for the constituents of the gasification mixture, the inlet nozzle has a radius of curvature of the surface of the cylindrical portion of the nozzle which continuously becomes smaller to the outlet opening, and the direction of flow of the gases leaving the inlet nozzle is directed upwards.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide gas (CO gas) that is free of sulfur compounds to the greatest possible extent, to a process for the desulfurization of a CO gas containing sulfur, and to the use of that gas in chemical syntheses, for example for the synthesis of phosgene from carbon monoxide and chlorine.