Abstract: The invention relates to a new application form of low molecular weight alkali metal huminates wherein the waterfree low molecular weight alkali metal huminate is bound to an inorganic, hydrogen bridge forming, carrier material such as titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, highly dispersed silicium dioxide, or clay.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a low molecular weight alkali metal or ammonium huminate fraction comprising stirring an aqueous suspension of a humic containing material while adding an alkaline substance without exceeding a pH of 7, allowing the solids to settle from the suspension, centrifuging the solid free solution and subjecting the solution to ultrafiltration to obtain a low molecular weight alkali metal or ammonium huminate fraction and an improved method of healing wounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic preparation of alkali metal salts of low molecular weight humic acids wherein multi-valent phenols are oxidized in a weakly alkaline aqueous medium at a temperature in the range of 15.degree. to 40.degree. C. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is adjusted to a pH value ranging between 6.2 and 7.2 and/or buffered. The low molecular alkali metal huminate is then purified through purification means including preparatory chromotography, ultra-filtration, ultra-centrifugation, or electrodialysis and separated from undesirable by-products.

Abstract: Alkali metal or ammonium salts of humic acids, referred to as alkali metal huminates of low molecular weight, obtained by slurrying humic-containing matter in alkaline or ammoniacal aqueous solutions, separating the resulting suspension from coarse solid matter and, through centrifugation, freeing the solution from extremely fine solid materials and high molecular weight huminates. The resulting solution is neutralized and buffered at a pH value ranging from 6.2 to 7.2, and is again purified through centrifugation. From this solution, a low molecular weight fraction is separated. The resulting alkali metal huminates of low molecular weight are useful as therapeutic agents in wound healing and for use in highly effective synthetic mud baths.

Abstract: A novel method of chlorinating the alkyl side chains of a nitrogen containing heterocyclic comprising reacting an alkyl substituted heterocycle with trichloroisocyanuric acid at temperatures of 20.degree. to 200.degree. C. to obtain the same in high yields.

Abstract: New coupling or shading (nuance) components are described which in combination with pertinent developers are used for dyeing of hair. These coupling components are dinitropyridine derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## whereby the substituents X, Y, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meaning given.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of zinc 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide in a readily filterable, washable and easily suspendable form which comprises reacting an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide with an aqueous solution of a water soluble zinc salt at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the presence of an at least partially water soluble organic solvent to form a precipitate of zinc 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, recovering the said crystals and optionally comminuting the crystals.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of 2,5-diloweralkyl-1,4; 3,6-dianhydrosorbitols by reacting 1,4;3,6-dianhydrosorbitol with an alkylating agent in an alkaline aqueous-organic solvent solution, the improvement comprising using a tertiary alkanol as the organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of zinc 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide in a readily filterable, washable and easily suspendable form which comprises reacting an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide with an aqueous solution of a water soluble zinc salt at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the presence of an at least partially water soluble organic solvent to form a precipitate of zinc 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide, recovering the said crystals and optionally comminuting the crystals.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of 4-halogenonaphthalic acid anhydrides by halogenation of an aqueous solution of an alkali salt of the naphthalic acid with halogen or alkali metal hypohalogenite wherein a solution of the alkali metal salt of the naphthalic acid is treated with a water soluble magnesium salt and at least an equal molar amount of an alkakli metal hydroxide, halogenating this reaction mixture at a temperature in the range of 10.degree. to 25.degree. C. and subsequently acidifying the reaction mixture. In a second embodiment of the invention, an aqueous solution of alkali metal carbonate is used in place of the magnesium salt and alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: New 2-aminonitropyridine derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the nitro group is in the 3- or 5-position and X represents hydrogen, an alkoxy group with 1 to 3 C atoms or an unsubstituted or alkyl- or hydroxyalkyl substituted amino group, the alkyl portion of which has 1 to 3 C atomsR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, divalent alkyl- with 1 to 3 C atoms, divalent cyclopropyl- or divalent alkenyl with 1 to 3 C atoms, phenylene- or divalent pyrrol andY and Z may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, hydroxyl- or amino group of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, an unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl with 1 to 3 C atoms, substituted at any position by hydroxy or amino with 1 to 3 C atoms, with the proviso that whenever X represents hydrogen, then R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 cannot both be hydrogen, and R.sub.1 is not hydrogen, R.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of fluorene-9-carboxylic acid comprising reacting fluorene and a dialkyl carbonate with alkyls of 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the presence of a member of the group consisting of alkali metal hydrides or potassium alcoholate of an aliphatic alcohol of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, neutralizing the mixture and saponifying the resulting fluorene-9-carboxylic acid ester to obtain fluorene-9-carboxylic acid in good yields.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of quinolinic acid comprising reacting quinoline in an aqueous acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of at least one cation selected from the group consisting of vanadyl V, cobalt III, titanyl IV and osmium VIII cations at 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. and then oxidizing with chlorite or chlorate ions to form quinolinic acid.

Abstract: The compound 3,5,6-trichloro-1H-pyridine-2-on can be produced in technical quantities by passing chlorine gas into the gas space above a solution of 6-chloro-1H-pyridine-2-on in an aqueous carboxylic acid solution and maintaining the reaction temperature between 15.degree. and 30.degree. C. This method permits the production of 3,5,6-trichloro-1H-pyridine-2-on in a one-step process from 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridine.

Abstract: A novel simple process for the preparation of 2-halo-3-nitro-6-alkoxy-pyridines having 1 to 6 alkoxy carbon atoms of high purity comprising adding 2-halo-6-alkoxy-pyridine in portions at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. to a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to obtain impure 2-halo-3-nitro-6-alkoxy-pyridine, treating the latter with a solution of an alkaline reacting compound in a protic solvent and recovering the said pyridine in substantially pure form which are important intermediates for analgesics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of esters of 1H-pyrrol-2-acetic acids of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and aralkyl of 1 to 4 alkyl carbon atoms comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of --CN and ##STR3## in an aqueous media with a saponification base wherein the saponification base is added gradually to the 1H-pyrrol-2-acetonitrile and/or 1H-pyrrol-2-acetamide to selectively saponify the same to obtain a substantially isomer-free salt of 1H-pyrrol-2-acetic acid, adding alkali metal bicarbonate to the solution to keep the pH of solution at about 10.2 to 10.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 5-chloro-indole comprising reacting indoline in a chlorine-inert organic solvent with an acylating agent of an organic carboxylic acid to obtain the corresponding 1-acyl-indoline, reacting the latter in the presence of water and a basic agent with chlorine to form 5-chloro-1-acyl-indoline, subjecting the latter to saponification to obtain 5-chloro-indoline and reacting the latter in a water-immiscible organic solvent by heating with an aromatic nitrocompound in the presence of a finely powdered ruthenium catalyst to form 5-chloro-indole in excellent yields.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of acyl hydrazides of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B individually are a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, x is 0 or 1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n and m are individually 0, 1, 2 or 3 by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR3## with a hydrazide of the formula ##STR4## the improvement comprising effecting the reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group consisting of amines, amine alkoxides and quaternary ammonium hydroxides.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of acyl hydrazides of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B individually are a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, x is 0 or 1 and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n and m are individually 0, 1,2 or 3 by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR3## with a hydrazide of the formula ##STR4## the improvement comprising effecting the reaction in the presence of at least one catalyst of the formula R'--OMe wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Me is an alkali metal.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of bis-2-pyridyl-disulfide or bis-(2-pyridyl-1-oxide)-disulfide optionally substituted on the pyridyl ring with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms by oxidation of the corresponding 2-mercapto-pyridine or its N-oxide, the improvement comprising effecting the oxidation in an aqueous acid media containing an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chlorite.