Abstract: An apparatus for limiting the temperature of a body associated with a heating system in which the heat exchange between a first heated body comprising a part of the heating system and a second body, upon exceeding a particular temperature, is to be decreased. A chamber is built between the first heated body and the second body and filled with a liquid. The chamber is impermeably connected with a flexible equalization vessel. If the temperature of the first heated body or second body, or the temperature within the chamber, exceeds the boiling temperature of the filling liquid, the filling liquid vaporizes and condenses in the connected equalization vessel. In this manner, heat conduction through the liquid between the first heated body and the second body is substantially prevented or in any case is significantly less than in the case of the filled chamber.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a device and method for determining the flash point of a liquid or solid material to be tested by measuring the pressure obtained in the measuring chamber after an ignition. According to the invention, a liquid or solid is placed into a measuring vessel and the measuring vessel is heated. The measuring vessel is tightly closed with a cover. At a given temperature the generated vapor-air-mixture is ignited and the pressure increase occurring due to the temperature increase is taken as a measure for the size of the flame for determining the flash point. The pressure increase is preferably measured with a piezoresistive pressure transducer. The temperature of the heated cover is measured with the temperature sensor and the sample temperature with the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Method for measuring vapor pressure of liquids in which liquid to be measured is placed in a previously-evacuated measuring cell, and influence of the gas dissolved in the liquid on the measuring results is eliminated. The liquid to be measured is added in at least two separate portions, with total pressure present in the measuring cell being measured after the addition of each portion and after saturation vapor pressure equilibrium has become established, to obtain a thus-measured value. Gas pressure present in the measuring cell which is due to the gas dissolved in the liquid is derived from at least two thus-measured values which had been obtained at the same measuring temperature in which pressure components due to vapor pressure of the liquid are equal, taking into account the liquid quantity contained in the particular liquid portions and the measuring cell volume with the relation po=RT.

Abstract: A folded mailer having panels laid one on the other on fold lines on a paper sheet divided by a middle and two other fold lines parallel to one another and parallel to shorter sides into four panels including two and panels end two middle panels. At least the two middle panels are of approximately equal size. The two end panels are folded at the two other fold lines over their adjacent middle panels. The two end panels and the two middle panels are so folded at the middle fold line that the two end panels lie on one another. At least one of the surfaces of the two end panels has thereon a releasing adhesive. A panoramic scene extends over all four panels and on a surface of the end panels which is folded against a surface of the middle panels over which the panoramic scene extends.