Abstract: A method synchronizes first and second simulation systems, each operating in a free running operation thereby exchanging data to run the simulation systems. The method includes: a) providing the first simulation system (PLCSIM) being enabled to run in cycles at a linear speed determined by repeatably setting a scaling factor (sn); b) providing the second simulation system (Process Simulate) to run in cycles at different speeds; c) the second simulation system requests at the end of a cycle a virtual time stamp from the first simulation system; d) calculating on the basis of the virtual time stamp a virtual duration time Atnfs and on the basis of the virtual time stamp after completion of the cycle of the second simulation system a virtual duration time Atnss; and e) calculating an update sn+1 for the scaling factor according the most recent scaling factor sn multiplied by Atnss/Atnfs.

Abstract: There is described an engineering systems and generating projects. The projects are used by runtime systems for the control of device and machine modular arrangements. The projects are not completely unmodifiable, instead an individualization layer is provided: particular data input possibilities for base data used by the runtime system are provided with an attribute, which gives whether the data entry in the project shall be unmodifiable or whether said entry may be optionally modifiable by the runtime system. A change is correspondingly optionally carried out with the runtime system. The actual core of the project, however does not need to be re-programmed such that a reversion to the engineering system is not necessary.

Abstract: There is described an engineering systems and generating projects. The projects are used by runtime systems for the control of device and machine modular arrangements. The projects are not completely unmodifiable, instead an individualization layer is provided: particular data input possibilities for base data used by the runtime system are provided with an attribute, which gives whether the data entry in the project shall be unmodifiable or whether said entry may be optionally modifiable by the runtime system. A change is correspondingly optionally carried out with the runtime system. The actual core of the project, however does not need to be re-programmed such that a reversion to the engineering system is not necessary.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for adapting hardware-dependent software to hardware, which improves the adaptation of the hardware-dependent software to a new hardware configuration. The software, in particular a binary image, can be executed in hardware that constitutes an automation device. A configuration of the hardware is stored in the software. According to said method, during the runup of the software in the automation device, the configuration of the hardware is identified and compared with the first stored configuration. If a different configuration is identified, the software is modified by the use of adaptation information, in such a way that the software can be executed in the automation device with a different configuration.