Abstract: Method for preparation of fluorochlorohydrocarbon-free (FCHC-free) low-density polyurethane soft-foam materials and soft-elastic polyurethane soft-foam materials as well as polyisocyanate mixtures modified with urethane groups, and based on diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, which are applicable thereto.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams, preferably semirigid polyurethane foams, having an improved foam structure involves reactinga) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates withb) polyhydroxyl compounds containing at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms andc) crosslinking agents which comprise at least one polyoxyalkylene-polyol having a mean functionality of from 3 to 8 and a hydroxyl number of from 200 to 1300 ppm and a content of alkali metal ions of from 150 to 1200 ppm,in the presence ofd) blowing agents,e) if desired catalysts,f) inorganic and/or organic acids as additives andg) if desired auxiliaries.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly reactive polyoxyalkylene-polyols prepared by oxyalkylation of an initiator molecule containing, in bonded form, at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms and at least one tertiary amino group bonded via a spacer bridge, which preferably comprises an alkylene radical having at least 3 carbon atoms, by means of at least one alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and/or 1,2-propylene oxide, to a process for the preparation of these polyoxyalkylene-polyols, and to their use for the production of compact or cellular, preferably flexible polyisocyanate polyaddition products.

Abstract: Cigarettes and methods of making them, in which an insulated fuel element is combined with a substrate assembly comprising a substrate within a tube, combining a roll of tobacco with a plug of tobacco paper, combining the fuel element/substrate assembly with the tobacco/tobacco paper assembly, and combining the resulting combination with a filter element to produce filter cigarettes. Methods of constructing the various and preferred subassemblies are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of flexible, soft polyurethane foams having viscoelastic, structure-borne soundproofing properties in a temperature range of from -20.degree. C. to +80.degree. C. by reactinga) a polyoxyalkylene-polyol mixture containingai) block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyol mixture having a hydroxyl number of from 14 to 65 and containing from 2 to 9% by weight of terminal ethylene oxide units, based on the weight of the polyoxypropylene units, prepared by anionic polymerization, at elevated temperatures, of 1,2-propyleneoxide onto an initiator molecule mixture having a mean functionality of from 2.3 to 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of fluorochlorohydrocarbon(FCHC)-free polyurethane soft (molded) foam materials with low density, by reactingA) liquid polyisocyanate mixtures containing bound urethane groups, containing 22 to 30 weight percent of NCO groups, which in turn are prepared by reacting a mixture of diphenylmethane-diisocyanate and polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanates (raw MDI) with at least one polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene-polyol with a functionality between 2.5 and 3.

Abstract: Compact or cellular elastomers containing urethane and urea groups are prepared by reactinga) at least one organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanateb) at least one N-propoxylated polyoxyalkylene-polyamine containing at least 50% of secondary amino groups or a mixture of said N-propoxylated polyoxyalkylene-polyamines and polyoxyalkylene-polyamines containing 2 to 4 primary amino groups and having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 8000,c) at least one alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamine having a molecular weight up to 500, in the presence or absence ofd) catalysts and, if desired,e) blowing agents,f) auxiliaries and/org) additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or urethane and isocyanurate groups by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) a polyoxypropylene- or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyol containing secondary hydroxyl groups, having a functionality of from 3.5 to 4.3, a hydroxyl number of from 350 to 650 and a viscosity of from 500 to 2,500 mPa.multidot.s at 23.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to transparent, autoclavable, non-cytotoxic, essentially compact polyurethane embedding compositions which are prepared by reactinga) modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates withb) compounds with at least two reactive hydrogens, which contain or are composed ofb1) at least one polyether-polyol with an average functionality of from 3 to 8, a hydroxyl number of from 200 to 1000 and an alkali metal ion content of from 150 to 1200 ppm or, preferably, a mixture of (b1) and castor oil and/or at least one polyetherpolyol (b2) with a functionality of from 2 to 3, a hydroxyl number of from 90 to 200 and an alkali metal ion content of less than 10 ppm in the presence or absence ofc) catalysts and to a process for preparing the polyurethane embedding compositions and to the use thereof for articles used in medicine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a hard foam containing urethane groups or urethane and isocyanurate groups by the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, by reactinga) a polyoxypropylene- or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyol containing secondary hydroxyl groups, having a functionality of from 3.5 to 4.3, a hydoxyl number of from 350 to 650 and a viscosity of from 500 to 2,500 mPa.s at 23.degree. C.

Abstract: Filter cigarettes are mass-produced in a machine wherein parallel groups of coaxial plain cigarettes and filter plugs are moved at right angles to their axes through a first station wherein their components are connected to each other by uniting bands, thereupon through a second station wherein the resulting filter cigarettes of double unit length are severed midway across their filter plugs to yield pairs of filter cigarettes of unit length which advance in two rows and are mirror images of each other, and through a third station wherein the filter cigarettes of one row are turned end-for-end and placed between successive non-inverted filter cigarettes. The mutual spacing of groups, filter cigarettes of double unit length and/or of filter cigarettes of unit length is reduced at least once, preferably twice, namely the first time between the first and second stations and the second time at the third station.

Abstract: Novel esters containing bonded fluorocarbon and oxypropylenealkylether groups and of the formula ##STR1## where Rf is straight-chain or branched, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated cycloalkyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms,perfluorophenyl orperfluoroalkylphenyl where the perfluoroalkyl radical is of 1 to 6 carbon atoms,R is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms andn is an integer from 2 to 70,blowing agent-containing emulsions which have a long shelf life and contain at least one partially fluorinated or perfluorinated (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and/or sulfur hexafluoride, at least one unmodified or modified organic polyisocyanate or a relatively high molecular weight reactive hydrogen compound and at least one of the abovementioned carboxylic or carbamic esters, and the use of these emulsions for the preparation of cellular plastics by the polyisocyanate polyaddition method.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams having low compressive strength and relatively good tensile strength are prepared by reactinga) a block polyoxypropylenepolyoxyethylenepolyol mixture which has a hydroxyl number of from 14 to 65, contains from 2 to 9% by weight, based on the weight of the polyoxypropylene units, of ethylene oxide units bonded in the terminal position and is prepared by anionic polymerization of the alkylene oxides with an initiator mixture having an average functionality of from 2.3 to 2.8 and consisting of water and glycerol and/or trimethylolpropane, or a mixture of these block polyoxypropylenepolyoxyethylenepolyol mixtures with bi- and/or trifunctional polyoxypropylenepolyoxyethylenepolyols having a hydroxyl number of from 20 to 70, andb) if required, low molecular weight chain extenders withc) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates in the presence ofd) catalysts,e) blowing agents, preferably water, and if required,f) assistants and/or additives.

Abstract: This invention deals with novel copolymers having K values of from 5 to 80 prepared by the radical polymerization of:(A) 20 to 80 weight percent, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of at least one olefinic unsaturated polyoxyalkylene alcohol adduct or a polyester alcohol adduct;(B) 80 to 20 weight percent, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of N-vinylformamide, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-piperidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-ethylene-urea and N-vinyl-2-propylene-urea;(C) 0.05 to 40 parts by weight of glycidyl acrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate;(D) 0 to 10 parts by weight of at least one .alpha.,.beta.-monoolefinic unsaturated acid; and(E) 0 to 30 parts by weight of at least one olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid amide and or carboxylic acid ester and/or styrene;whereby the parts by weight of (C), (D) and (E) are each based on 100 parts by weight of monomers (A) and (B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to transparent essentially non-cellular polyurethane casting compositions that are sterilizable with superheated steam which are prepared by reacting:(A) modified diphenylmethane diisocyanates (A) liquid at 23.degree. C. obtained by reacting(A1) 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or(A2) 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or(A3) a diphenylmethane diisocyanate mixture with(A4) at least one polyoxypropylene polyol and/or(A5) at least one polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene polyol containing 1 to 80 weight percent of ethylene oxide units whereby (A4) and (A5) have a functionality of 4 to 8 and a hydroxyl number of 150 to 500 and are obtained while using sucrose and/or preferably sorbitol as initiator molecules(A6) a mixture of (A4) and/or (A5) and at least one polyoxypropylene polyol and/or polyoxyethylene polyol initiated with glycerine and/or trimethylolpropane in a NCO:OH group ratio of 2.

Abstract: A rotary drum which serves to transport rod-shaped articles of the tobacco processing industry or sheet-like components of such articles has a peripheral surface which is formed with rows of axially parallel suction ports connectable to a suction generating device to attract the articles or their components to the peripheral surface of the drum. If the lengthh of rod-shaped articles is changed, or if the width of web- or strip-shaped components of articles is changed, the effective length of the rows of suction ports is changed accordingly to avoid unnecessary flow of air into non-overlapped suction ports.

Abstract: An apparatus for making smoking articles is described. The preferred apparatus comprises structure to form a passage axially through a jacketed rod of tobacco, at one end of which there is a tubular sleeve of non-combustible material, and to insert an aerosol generating cartridge containing an aerosol forming substance, at one end of which there is a fuel element, into the passage so that the aerosol forming substance is within the passage in the rod of tobacco and the fuel element is within the sleeve of non-combustible material.

Abstract: A mass-producing filter tipping machine wherein two coaxial plain cigarettes of unit length are simultaneously severed to yield pairs of coaxial plain cigarettes of unit length which are moved apart to provide spaces for filter mouthpieces of double unit length. The filter mouthpieces are connected with the respective pairs of cigarettes of unit length by adhesive-coated uniting bands, and the resulting filter cigarettes of double unit length are subdivided into pairs of filter cigarettes of unit length. These filter cigarettes are converted into a single row wherein the filter mouthpieces of all filter cigarettes face in the same direction.

Abstract: Successive filter cigarettes of unit length or multiple unit length are transported sidways on a first drum-shaped conveyor which cooperates in a filter tipping machine with a second drum-shaped conveyor to rotate successive cigarettes about their respective axes so that the rotating cigarettes come to a temporary halt in a predetermined portion of their path. Such cigarettes are acted upon the two or more laser beams or light beams which are equidistant from and angularly offset relative to each other in the circumferential direction of the cigarette which rotates about its axis so that a circumferentially complete portion of the rotating cigarette is acted upon by radiation while the cigarette completes a fraction of one revolution, namely an angle of 360 degrees divided by the number of beams.

Abstract: A mass-producing filter tipping machine wherein two coaxial plain cigarettes of unit length are simultaneously severed to yield pairs of coaxial plain cigarettes of unit length which are moved apart to provide spaces for filter mouthpieces of double unit length. This results in the formation of two rows of groups of three coaxial rod-shaped articles each, namely, two plain cigarettes of unit length and a filter mouthpiece of double unit length between them. The filter mouthpieces are connected with the respective pairs of cigarettes of unit length by adhesive-coated uniting bands so that each filter mouthpiece and the respective pair of cigarettes of unit length jointly constitute a filter cigarettes of double unit length. Uniting bands are obtained from two discrete webs of adhesive-coated tipping paper.