Abstract: An optical sensor for detecting chemical, biochemical or biological substances includes a laser and a semiconductor chip. The sensor includes at least one photodetector and at least one high-contrast grating that are monolithically integrated in the semiconductor chip. The high-contrast grating is configured to optically couple radiation emitted by the laser into the photodetector. The coupling behavior of the high-contrast grating depends on the optical properties of external substances that are brought near to or in contact with the high-contrast grating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for repairing uneven areas in a green space disposed on a ground, being suitable for being attached to a grip (110) of a golf club (100). The device (10) comprises an attaching element (30; 90) by means of which the device (10) can be attached to the grip (110); an insertion element (20) suitable for being inserted in the ground for repairing the uneven areas; a covering element (50) for covering the insertion element (20), and a connecting element (40) releasably connected to the covering element (50) by means of a bayonet joint. The connecting element (40) comprises at least one recess (70) having a starting segment (71) and an end segment (72) for forming the bayonet joint. The covering element (50) comprises at least one protrusion (60) engaging in the recess (70) and being displaceable from the starting segment (71) to the end segment (72).

Abstract: A slimming device operates by improving cutaneous circulation during activity in the fat burning pulse range carried out on endurance training equipment. The device includes a main body with a fastening element in the form of a sleeve which has at least two chambers that are independent of one another and that can be supplied with a fluid independently of one another. The device can be applied to different body parts and has a belt which is designed with at least two separate chambers, at least one pump for producing the alternating pressure load and a fastening sleeve which press the main body onto the human body in order to start the operation of the pressure chamber.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to an optical sensor for detecting chemical, biochemical or biological substances, the sensor comprising a laser and a semiconductor chip, wherein at least one photodetector and at least one high-contrast grating are monolithically integrated in said same chip, wherein the high-contrast grating is configured to optically couple radiation emitted by the laser into the photodetector, and wherein the coupling behaviour of said high-contrast grating depends on the optical properties of external substances that are brought near to or in contact with the high-contrast grating.

Abstract: An intermediate gear device for a traction drive and/or spur gear drive of an internal combustion engine is provided, having an intermediate gear that has an at least two-track construction with a drive gear and a driven gear, an axle, and a needle bearing by which the intermediate gear is radially mounted on the axle. At least one supporting disk is provided on which the intermediate gear is axially supported, and a duct, that is connectable to the lubricant circuit of the internal combustion engine, to supply lubricant to the needle bearing. The support disk and the axle contact one another at the end faces, the mouth of the lubricant duct that opens toward the needle bearing is formed by one or more recesses on the contact surface of the support disk and/or on the contact surface of the axle.

Abstract: An intermediate gear device for a traction drive and/or spur gear drive of an internal combustion engine is provided, having an intermediate gear that has an at least two-track construction with a drive gear and a driven gear, an axle, and a needle bearing by which the intermediate gear is radially mounted on the axle. At least one supporting disk is provided on which the intermediate gear is axially supported, and a duct, that is connectable to the lubricant circuit of the internal combustion engine, to supply lubricant to the needle bearing. The support disk and the axle contact one another at the end faces, the mouth of the lubricant duct that opens toward the needle bearing is formed by one or more recesses on the contact surface of the support disk and/or on the contact surface of the axle.

Abstract: A slimming apparatus operates by improving cutaneous circulation during activity in the fat burning pulse range carried out on endurance training equipment. The apparatus includes a main body with a fastening element in the form of a cuff which has at least two chambers that are independent of one another and that can be supplied with a fluid independent of one another. A simple configuration and high therapeutic effect can be achieved in such a way that a first chamber consists of a first main section which is arranged in a substantially linear fashion, with several first branch sections branching off from said main section. A second chamber consists of a second main section, with several second branch sections branching off from said section, which second sections are each arranged between the first branch sections. The apparatus can be attached to different body parts and includes a belt which is arranged with at least two chambers which are independent from one another.

Abstract: There is described a method for operating an injection molding machine, which comprises a forming tool, an injecting device and a digital regulating and/or control device at least for regulating and/or controlling the injecting device. When regulating and/or controlling the injecting device, a pressure regulation and/or pressure control for regulating and/or controlling the injection device is switched over subject to the reaching of a transition criterion, whereby a value is established that is used for determining the transition criterion. At least one extrapolation value is established for at least one measured value, whereupon the extrapolation value is compared with the transition criterion and the pressure regulation and/or control of the injection molding machine or is switched over to the pressure regulation and/or the pressure control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production machine with a hydraulic and/or electric drive and also measured data acquisition for at least one positional determination and at least two measured variables dependent on the latter in the production machine. If a further setpoint profile is exceeded, a setpoint input is corrected directly in the form of a substitutional open-loop or closed-loop control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a mold for producing transparent optical elements from polymeric materials. In this case, the optical elements that can be produced in this way are intended to have at least surface regions which have reduced interfacial reflection. According to the invention, the procedure followed here is that, in the case of a reference element which consists of a polymeric material and corresponds to the respective optical element, the entire surface or a correspondingly selected surface is exposed to the influence of high-energy ions in a vacuum. In this way, an irregular nanostructure with alternately arranged elevations and depressions lying in between is formed on the corresponding surfaces. Subsequently, a thin electrically conducting layer is applied and electrochemical forming is carried out in order to obtain a mold with a negative contour which is superposed by the nanostructure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production machine with a hydraulic and/or electric drive and also measured data acquisition for at least one positional determination and at least two measured variables dependent on the latter in the production machine. If a further setpoint profile is exceeded, a setpoint input is corrected directly in the form of a substitutional open-loop or closed-loop control.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial data transmission system for the registering of process parameters in a periodic bus cycle with a fixed time frame, a synchronizing signal within each cycle having the effect in each case that a multiplicity of process parameters are simultaneously registered and recorded and, in a subsequent data exchange phase, are transmitted to the open-loop and/or closed-loop process control system. In this system, all the time-critical process input and output parameters are registered simultaneously. In a subsequent open-loop and/or closed-loop process control phase, a processing of the high-priority process data takes place. These data are used in particular for plastics injection-molding machines for detecting the changeover point. Furthermore, use is made of a machine production cycle with bus subeycles, which may respectively have a synchronizing signal and different information contents and/or lengths.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to provide a simple, safe to handle fixing device for a par that can be inserted between adjacent supports, especially centrally. Locating holes that are aligned approximately flush with each other, for holding elements of the part are provided in the adjacent supports. The holding elements are configured in the form of pegs mounted in the part. The pegs are provided with a screw thread at their second ends and each engage in a corresponding screw of sliding pieces that can slide in the part. The sliding pieces can be slid and stopped in a plane defined by the longitudinal axes of the pegs. The part has at least one pair of pegs on opposite outer surfaces that are flush with each other through the part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production machine with a hydraulic and/or electric drive and also measured data acquisition for at least one positional determination and at least two measured variables dependent on the latter in the production machine. If a further setpoint profile is exceeded, a setpoint input is corrected directly in the form of a substitutional open-loop or closed-loop control.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial data transmission system for the registering of process parameters in a periodic bus cycle with a fixed time frame, a synchronizing signal within each cycle having the effect in each case that a multiplicity of process parameters are simultaneously registered and recorded and, in a subsequent data exchange phase, are transmitted to the open-loop and/or closed-loop process control system. In this system, all the time-critical process input and output parameters are registered simultaneously. In a subsequent open-loop and/or closed-loop process control phase, a processing of the high-priority process data takes place. These data are used in particular for plastics injection-molding machines for detecting the changeover point. Furthermore, use is made of a machine production cycle with bus subcycles, which may respectively have a synchronizing signal and different information contents and/or lengths.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical arrangement comprising at least two optical elements, such as Fresnel lenses or linear prism sheets arranged with their structured surfaces pointing toward one another, and to the use thereof for various projectors and displays. The solution according to the invention seeks to reduce light losses and allows a large intercept distance on one side. This object is achieved by the active edges of the two optical elements that are designed and oriented with respect to one another in such a way that light enters or emerges from the active edges of one of the two optical elements at least in a virtually orthogonal manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for generating high-silicon foundry pig iron. In the process: a) silicon oxides and iron-carbon metals are charged in a shaft furnace; b) the charge is kept under a highly reducing atmosphere; c) the material column is guided annularly at least in the vicinity of the vessel bottom and d) exposed to the radiation heat of a heat source located in the free space in the outlet region of the annular material column above the furnace base. The furnace has a centrally arranged electrode, which projects into the furnace vessel and is guided up to the vicinity of the base, and a counterelectrode arranged in the base of the furnace vessel. The electrode projecting into the vessel is enclosed by a coaxially guided sleeve whose outer diameter “d” is in a ratio to the inner diameter “D” of the furnace vessel such that d;D is about 1:4.

Abstract: A process for closing a tap hole in a metallurgical vessel at least partially filled with a metal melt includes bringing a compressible fire-resistant material to the moth of a tubular closing element, providing a medium that substantially prevents contact between the fire resistant material and the metal melt, passing the closing element through the melt toward the bottom of the vessel, compressing the compressible material against the bottom of the vessel to form a seal between the outside of the closing element and the tap hole below the closing element, and moving a cut off device over the outside of the tap hole, thereby allowing the tap hole to be filled with a pourable refractory compound via the tubular closing element. A device for performing the process for closing a tap hole includes a tubular closing device with a groove at an end bottom facing the bottom of the metallurgical vessel.

Abstract: A bottom electrode for a metallurgical vessel operated with direct current, consisting of an outer part made of a first material arrangeable substantially outside a bottom of the vessel so as to face the vessel, and an inner part made of a second material and connected to the outer part so as to face an interior of the vessel. The inner part is configured to wear when in contact with molten metal in the vessel, and includes a metallic first structural part that consists substantially of a material comparable to the molten metal. The first structural part has an end adjacent the outer part with a cross-section adapted to that of the outer part. The first structural part is configured to prevent a flow of melted electrode material as well as the molten metal. The inner part further includes a high temperature resistant second structural part configured to compliment the first structural part, the first and second structural parts being coaxial to one another.

Abstract: In a shaft fixture in which a toothed and especially knurled region (B) of a shaft (2) is pressed into a drilling (3) in a seat (4) to form a positive fit with great centric precision via two separate centering sections (A, C), the solidity of the fixture is to be increased in that the shaft has a toothed region (D) outside the section to be introduced into a securing drilling. This toothed region may in particular be a pinion (1) which is pressed via a shaped shaft (2) with a hurled region (B) into a seat drilling (3) to provide a positive fit. To this end the end sections of the gaps between the teeth in the pinion region (D) can terminate in the adjacent shaft region (C) so that the diameter of the shaft may be made larger in relation to that of the pinion than if the sections did not so terminate.