Abstract: A method and system for optimal model-based multivariable balancing for distributed hydronic networks based on global differential pressure/flow rate information. A simplified mathematical model of a hydronic system can be determined utilizing an analogy between hydronic systems and electrical circuits. Thereafter, unknown parameters can be identified utilizing the simplified mathematical model and a set of available measurements. Next, balancing valve settings can be calculated by reformulating the simplified mathematical model based on the parameterized model. The sum of pressure drops across selected balancing valves can be then minimized to achieve optimal economic performances of the system. The data can be collected and transferred to a central unit either by wireless communication or manually by reading the local measurement devices. Such a multivariable balancing approach provides a fast and accurate balancing of distributed hydronic heating systems based on a centralized and non-iterative approach.

Abstract: A method and system for optimal model-based multivariable balancing for distributed hydronic networks based on global differential pressure/flow rate information. A simplified mathematical model of a hydronic system can be determined utilizing an analogy between hydronic systems and electrical circuits. Thereafter, unknown parameters can be identified utilizing the simplified mathematical model and a set of available measurements. Next, balancing valve settings can be calculated by reformulating the simplified mathematical model based on the parameterized model. The sum of pressure drops across selected balancing valves can be then minimized to achieve optimal economic performances of the system. The data can be collected and transferred to a central unit either by wireless communication or manually by reading the local measurement devices. Such a multivariable balancing approach provides a fast and accurate balancing of distributed hydronic heating systems based on a centralized and non-iterative approach.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device and a flowrate measuring device are both connected to a regulating unit, thus enabling the mixing temperature of the mixing water flowing through a supply line and the flowrate to be determined. The regulating unit serves for controlling a mixing valve and a shut-off valve. At the end of the filling operation, the overall volume introduced into a container and input via a control apparatus has the likewise input desired temperature, the regulating unit continuously determines, based on the flowrate and the measured mixing temperature, since a starting time point, the actual heat quantity contained in a part volume which has already flowed out.

Abstract: A temperature measuring device and a flowrate measuring device are both connected to a regulating unit, thus enabling the mixing temperature of the mixing water flowing through a supply line and the flowrate to be determined. The regulating unit serves for controlling a mixing valve and a shut-off valve. At the end of the filling operation, the overall volume introduced into a container and input via a control apparatus has the likewise input desired temperature, the regulating unit continuously determines, based on the flowrate and the measured mixing temperature, since a starting time point, the actual heat quantity contained in a part volume which has already flowed out.

Abstract: Device by means of which a supply container subjected to positive pressure is connected in a sealed manner to a consumer element with the aid of a sealing element, sealing in the direction of the surroundings taking place before an opening element opens the valve of the supply container. This is realized by a sealing element which, as measured in the longitudinal direction (L) from the base of the cutout, is wider than the opening element, and by an amount of play, which allows the sealing element to accommodate the full displacement.

Abstract: Device by means of which a supply container subjected to positive pressure is connected in a sealed manner to a consumer element with the aid of a sealing element, sealing in the direction of the surroundings taking place before an opening element opens the valve of the supply container. This is realized by a sealing element which, as measured in the longitudinal direction (L) from the base of the cutout, is wider than the opening element, and by an amount of play, which allows the sealing element to accommodate the full displacement.

Abstract: A three-way heating system valve having a bypass valve between a heat source supply port and heat exchanger supply and heat source return ports for proportioning flow through the heat exchanger supply and heat source return ports, and including a differential pressure determining device between the heat exchanger supply and return ports. The pressure determining device may be a pressure relief valve and/or a pressure indicator.

Abstract: A liquid flow microsensor having a flow tube with a sensor aperture on the surface and having a straight-through conduit for fluid flow. A sensor assembly is mounted within the sensor aperture, and includes a thermal sensor positioned to be within the straight-through conduit in direct communication with the fluid flow so as to sense thermal characteristics representative of a fluid flow rate.