Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure vessel, having: a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) accommodated in the reaction chamber (2); a fluid inlet (20) with a feed valve (21) which is adjustable between an open position, for the feed of a fluid, preferably a flushing gas, into the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the feed of the fluid; a fluid outlet (30) with a discharge valve (31), which is adjustable between an open position, for the discharge of a fluid out of the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the discharge of the fluid out of the reaction chamber (2); and an oxygen sensor (33) for detecting an oxygen content in the reaction chamber (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1?), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sample container handling system (1), having a sample container receptacle (2) and a support element (20). The sample container receptacle (2) in turn has: holding structures (4, 5) which are each configured to hold a respective sample container (3) and which are disposed about a rotation axis (6), and a base (7) having a support region (8) for supporting the sample containers (3) held by way of the holding structures (4, 5), wherein the base (7) furthermore has a side (10) that faces away from the support region (8) and at least one through opening (11) which from this side (10) extends to the support region (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) having a pressure vessel wall (1a) which completely surrounds a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or promotion of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of a sample (P) to be heated which is accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel wall (1a) has an infrared-permeable high-pressure window (30) which extends away outward in a direction from the reaction chamber (2) and which is supported in the pressure vessel wall (1a) with respect to a pressure in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel (1) furthermore has an infrared to temperature sensor (40) which is situated directly opposite the high-pressure window (30), in order to measure the temperature of a sample (P), accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), during a pressure reaction through the high-pressure window (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) for receiving samples (P) to be heated, having a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions, the reaction chamber (2) being designed for receiving a liquid (5), a magnetic disk (8) mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation in the reaction chamber (2), and a magnet arrangement (10), provided outside the reaction chamber (2), for generating a rotating magnetic field for rotationally driving the magnetic disk (8) about its axis of rotation, the magnetic disk (8) having at least one passage bore (13), which extends transversely in relation to the axis of rotation and is provided in such a way that liquid (5) received in the reaction chamber (2) is driven through the passage opening (13) by rotation of the magnetic disk (8) in order to stir the liquid (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel system (1), comprising: —a pressure vessel (2) having a reaction chamber (3) in the form of a pressure chamber for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressurized reactions of samples (P) received in the reaction chamber (3); and —a rail (50), which is rigidly connected to one pail of the pressure vessel (2) and has a first connection point (51) for admitting fluid, a second connection point (52) for discharging fluid and a fluid line (53), which fluidically connects the first connection point (51) to the second connection point (52), the fluid line (53) being fluidically connected to the reaction chamber (3) via the second connection point (52), and the rail (50) comprising at least one third connection point (55), which is fluidically connected to the fluid line (53) and can be connected to a device (56) such that the device (56) is fluidically connected to the fluid line (53) and thus to the reaction chamber (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (100) for producing a driving force for stirring samples, in particular samples for laboratory operations such as, for example, liquids, liquids with solid samples contained therein or solid samples, said apparatus comprising a sample holder (200) for receiving at least one sample vessel (220) for samples and a bar element (300), which extends along a longitudinal axis (LA) and which is connected to the sample holder (200), wherein the bar element (300) comprises a coupling portion (310) for detachably coupling the bar element (300) to an operating unit (800), a fastening portion (320) for fastening the sample holder (200) to the bar element (300) and for positioning the sample holder (200) along the longitudinal axis (LA) in defined fashion, and a magnetic stirring portion (330), wherein the bar element (300) is embodied in such a way that a magnetic field that rotates relative to the sample holder (200) about the longitudinal axis (LA) can be produced by means o

Abstract: The present invention relates a spectrometer (1) having a lamp (2) that extends in substantially tubular fashion for the purposes of forming a light emission zone (3) that extends in the direction of the tubular extent and between two points to the end of emitting a first light beam (L1) and a second light beam (L2) that have the same origin on the light emission zone (3), a sample container (6) that is arranged in the beam path of the first light beam (L1) for receiving a sample to be measured, a first detection apparatus (D1) that is arranged in the direction of the first light beam (L1) for quantitative and/or qualitative determination of the sample to be measured in the sample container (6) on the basis of an interaction between the sample to be measured and the first light beam (L1), and a second detection apparatus (D2) that is arranged in the direction of the second light beam (L2) for the purposes of referencing the quantitative and/are qualitative determination, on the basis of the second light beam

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing mixed metal oxide particles, in which particles from parent compounds are converted by contactless energy input. The invention also relates to a process for coating bodies, preferably transition metal- or metal particles, transition metal- or metal oxide particles, transition metal- or mixed metal oxide particles, or silicon- or sulphur particles, especially preferably particles having a mass of less than one milligram and being in the form of grains, fibers, hollow fibers, or 2D structures, by heating with the exclusion of oxygen in the presence of a carbon source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new generation of alkali-ion-sulphur batteries in which specific sulphur allotropes, particularly the Psi allotrope of sulphur, are used as the active material of the cathode. Alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals are used as anodes. A preferred production method describes the production of the Psi-sulphur fibres by a special form of electrospinning. Another preferred production method describes the addition of the cation source in liquid form during the production of battery stacks. Finally, the invention relates to specific preferred novel forms of embodiment of alkali-ion-sulphur batteries, which are characterised by significant advantages in terms of capacity and service life.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure vessel, having: a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) accommodated in the reaction chamber (2); a fluid inlet (20) with a feed valve (21) which is adjustable between an open position, for the feed of a fluid, preferably a flushing gas, into the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the feed of the fluid; a fluid outlet (30) with a discharge valve (31), which is adjustable between an open position, for the discharge of a fluid out of the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the discharge of the fluid out of the reaction chamber (2); and an oxygen sensor (33) for detecting an oxygen content in the reaction chamber (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) having a pressure vessel wall (1a) which completely surrounds a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or promotion of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of a sample (P) to be heated which is accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel wall (1a) has an infrared-permeable high-pressure window (30) which extends away outward in a direction from the reaction chamber (2) and which is supported in the pressure vessel wall (1a) with respect to a pressure in the reaction chamber (2), wherein the pressure vessel (1) furthermore has an infrared to temperature sensor (40) which is situated directly opposite the high-pressure window (30), in order to measure the temperature of a sample (P), accommodated in the reaction chamber (2), during a pressure reaction through the high-pressure window (30).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1) for receiving samples (P) to be heated, having a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions, the reaction chamber (2) being designed for receiving a liquid (5), a magnetic disk (8) mounted rotatably about an axis of rotation in the reaction chamber (2), and a magnet arrangement (10), provided outside the reaction chamber (2), for generating a rotating magnetic field for rotationally driving the magnetic disk (8) about its axis of rotation, the magnetic disk (8) having at least one passage bore (13), which extends transversely in relation to the axis of rotation and is provided in such a way that liquid (5) received in the reaction chamber (2) is driven through the passage opening (13) by rotation of the magnetic disk (8) in order to stir the liquid (5).

Abstract: The present invention relates a spectrometer (1) having a lamp (2) that extends in substantially tubular fashion for the purposes of forming a light emission zone (3) that extends in the direction of the tubular extent and between two points to the end of emitting a first light beam (L1) and a second light beam (L2) that have the same origin on the light emission zone (3), a sample container (6) that is arranged in the beam path of the first light beam (L1) for receiving a sample to be measured, a first detection apparatus (D1) that is arranged in the direction of the first light beam (L1) for quantitative and/or qualitative determination of the sample to be measured in the sample container (6) on the basis of an interaction between the sample to be measured and the first light beam (L1), and a second detection apparatus (D2) that is arranged in the direction of the second light beam (L2) for the purposes of referencing the quantitative and/are qualitative determination, on the basis of the second light beam

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus (100) for producing a driving force for stirring samples, in particular samples for laboratory operations such as, for example, liquids, liquids with solid samples contained therein or solid samples, said apparatus comprising a sample holder (200) for receiving at least one sample vessel (220) for samples and a bar element (300), which extends along a longitudinal axis (LA) and which is connected to the sample holder (200), wherein the bar element (300) comprises a coupling portion (310) for detachably coupling the bar element (300) to an operating unit (800), a fastening portion (320) for fastening the sample holder (200) to the bar element (300) and for positioning the sample holder (200) along the longitudinal axis (LA) in defined fashion, and a magnetic stirring portion (330), wherein the bar element (300) is embodied in such a way that a magnetic field that rotates relative to the sample holder (200) about the longitudinal axis (LA) can be produced by means o

Abstract: The invention describes a high-pressure vessel for holding samples which are to be heated, the high-pressure vessel having: a lower part (5, 104) and a lid part (6, 105) which can be locked together and when closed surround on all sides a reaction chamber for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical high-pressure reactions, it being possible for the lower part (5, 104) and the lid part (6, 105) to be moved relative to each other in an automated fashion between an open access position and a closed microwave processing position, a sample holder (101) and/or a vessel insert (9) being connected to the lid part (6, 105).

Abstract: A pressure vessel for receiving samples to be heated is provided, the pressure vessel has a closable reaction chamber as a pressure chamber for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions, and the pressure vessel has a microwave-permeable region, by way of which microwaves can be coupled into the reaction chamber. A hollow light guide pipe extends from the microwave-permeable region towards an infrared sensor, which is arranged outside the pressure chamber, and by way of which the infrared radiation emitted by the heated samples in the reaction chamber is guided during a pressure reaction to the infrared sensor. In the microwave-permeable region, an infrared-permeable pressure receiving part is provided, between the reaction chamber and the light guide pipe and lies against the reaction chamber, in order to support the light guide pipe in the microwave-permeable region.

Abstract: A process for producing high-purity liquids, in particular liquid chemicals, by distillation, includes the steps of: providing a liquid to be purified from a storage vessel in a sample container arranged in a sample chamber, heating and evaporating the uppermost layers of the liquid to be purified, condensing the sample vapor produced of the liquid to be purified in a condensation device outside the sample chamber, and collecting the distillate in a collecting container. The collecting container being connectable to the storage vessel via a return line for the non-condensed sample vapor and forming a space that is closed off from the surroundings between the space above the liquid surface of the liquid to be purified in the sample chamber and the storage vessel.

Abstract: The invention describes a high-pressure vessel for holding samples which are to be heated, the high-pressure vessel having: a lower part (5, 104) and a lid part (6, 105) which can be locked together and when closed surround on all sides a reaction chamber for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical high-pressure reactions, it being possible for the lower part (5, 104) and the lid part (6, 105) to be moved relative to each other in an automated fashion between an open access position and a closed microwave processing position, a sample holder (101) and/or a vessel insert (9) being connected to the lid part (6, 105).

Abstract: A devise for carrying out chemical reactions and processes in high-frequency fields, comprises a high-frequency chamber 2 for irradiating a solid, liquid or gaseous substance while under pressure with at least one radiation source and a reactor for exposing to a high-frequency field. The reactor being connectively coupled to the upper wall 4 of the high-frequency chamber 2 through a sealable connection 3. Rail elements 5 are provided around the reactor, and configured to form a pressure-resistant cage. The rail elements 5 each have a guide 11 for holding a crown-shaped holder 12. The holder 12 is fixed in its position by the guides 11 of the rail elements 5. Multiple reaction chambers can be incorporated as a batch reactor system.