Abstract: The invention relates to a method for separating impurities out of slags, dusts, minerals, preparation residues of minerals or of recyclings or remaining substances, subsequently called feed stock. In order to save energy and reduce costs, the inventive method is characterized by the combination of the following features: melting the feed stock containing the impurities; forming a copper melt; bring the feed stock into contact with the copper melt while adding reducing agents, preferably coke and/or coal; vaporizing, if required, existing volatile compounds such as metal chlorides; reducing metals of the feed stock more noble than copper in the copper melt, and; forming a slag with constituents of the feed stock to be purified that is less noble than copper.

Abstract: In a method for producing liquid pig iron (9) or steel pre-products from fine-particulate iron-containing material (4) in a melter gasifier (1), the iron-containing material (4) is melted in a bed of solid carbon carriers (2) under supply of carbon-containing material (2) and oxygen-containing gas, at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas, wherein the fine-particulate reduced material (4) and oxygen are introduced into the bed (20, 21) from the side.

Abstract: In the process for the production of liquid pig iron 943) or liquid steel pre-products from charging substances comprising iron ore (5) and fluxes and at least partially containing a portion of fines, the iron ore is directly reduced to sponge iron in at least two reduction stages (1, 2) by the fluidized bed method, the sponge iron is melted in a melt-down gasifying zone (39) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas, and a CO- and H2-containing reducing gas is produced which is injected into reduction zones of the reduction stages (1, 2), is reacted there, is withdrawn as a top gas and optionally is supplied to a consumer.

Abstract: In a process for producing molten pig iron or steel preproducts from fine-particulate iron containing material in a meltdown gasifying zone of a melter gasifier, under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas in a bed formed of solid carbon carriers, the iron-containing material is melted when passing the bed.

Abstract: In the process for the production of liquid pig iron 943) or liquid steel pre-products from charging substances comprising iron ore (5) and fluxes and at least partially containing a portion of fines, the iron ore is directly reduced to sponge iron in at least two reduction stages (1, 2) by the fluidized bed method, the sponge iron is melted in a melt-down gasifying zone (39) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas, and a CO- and H2-containing reducing gas is produced which is injected into reduction zones of the reduction stages (1, 2), is reacted there, is withdrawn as a top gas and optionally is supplied to a consumer.

Abstract: In a method for treating particulate material in the fluidized bed method, the particulate material is maintained in a fluidized bed by a treating gas flowing from bottom to top and thereby is treated. To minimize the consumption of treating gas and to reduce entrainment of fine particles by the treating gas, a particulate material having a wide grain distribution and a relatively high portion of fines is used for treatment and the treating gas in the fluidized bed is maintained at a superficial velocity less than the velocity required for fluidizing the largest particles of said particulate material.

Abstract: With a method for producing liquid metal from charging substances containing ore and of fluxes, the ore is directly reduced to sponge metal in at least one reduction zone (5, 7, 8), the sponge metal is melted along with fluxes in a melt-down gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas. A CO- and H2-containing process gas serving as a reducing gas is produced, fed into the reduction zone (5, 7, 8), reacted there, and subsequently withdrawn, wherein slagforming fluxes, in particular calcium carbonate, dolomite etc., gas are calcined by the process gas in a calcining zone (26′) that is separate from the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) and melt-down zone (11). To be able to employ slagforming fluxes of any desired grain and without disturbances of the reduction process, the calcining zone (26′) is connected in parallel to the reduction zone (5, 7, 8) with respect to the material flow and the calcined fluxes are fed into the melter gasifier (10) directly.

Abstract: A process for producing sponge iron by directly reducing particulate, iron-oxide-containing material, wherein reducing gas that is formed from carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas in a melt-down gasifying zone is introduced into a reduction zone that contains the iron-oxide-containing material, characterized by the combination of the following characteristic features: (i) to the reduction zone, a reducing gas is fed which contains between iron-oxide-containing material 20 g and 100 g per Nm.sup.3 of a dust having a carbon content of between 30 mass % and 70 mass %; and (ii) the iron-oxide-containing material is exposed to the reducing gas for a time period that exceeds the period for a complete reduction. The process of the invention renders it possible to produce a sponge iron of elevated carbon content.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of fine ore by reducing gas in the fluidized bed method, the following characteristic features are realized in order to achieve a uniform and even degree of metallization at optimum utilization of the reducing gas and while minimizing the amount of reducing gas employed, that the fine ore is fractionated by aid of the reducing gas into at least two fractions having different grain size distributions, that each fraction is reduced by the reducing gas in a separate fluidized bed, wherein the reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed containing the coarse-grain fraction and separates the fine-grain fraction from the same, is accelerated together with the fine-grain fraction, subsequently under pressure release forms a further fluidized bed, into which it is continuously injected in a radially symmetrical manner and from below, and wherein, furthermore, secondary reducing gas additionally is directly injected into the further fluidized bed in a radially symmetrical manner, and th

Abstract: In a process for producing molten pig iron or liquid steel pre-products, from particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, the iron-oxide-containing material is prereduced in at least one prereduction stage (7) by aid of a reducing gas and subsequently is reduced to sponge iron in a final reduction stage (8), the sponge iron is melted in a meltdown-gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas, and a CO- and H.sub.2 -containing reducing gas is produced which is introduced into the final reduction stage (8), is reacted there, is drawn off, subsequently is introduced into a prereduction stage (7), is reacted there, is drawn off, subjected to scrubbing and subsequently is carried off as an export gas and wherein at least a portion of the reacted reducing gas is purified from CO.sub.2, is heated and is used as a recycle-reducing gas for the reduction of the iron-oxide-containing material.

Abstract: In a process for the production of molten pig iron or steel pre-products from fine-particulate iron-cintaining material, in a meltdown-gasifying zone of a melter gasifier (1), under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas, in a bed formed of sold carbon carriers, the iron-containing material is melted when passing the bed.

Abstract: A direct reduction process is disclosed for iron-oxide-containing materials. Synthesis gas is mixed with top gas produced during direct reduction of the iron-oxide-containing materials and is used as reduction gas for directly reducing iron-oxide-containing materials. In order to avoid or reduce metal dusting caused by an increased CO content of the reduction gas with a simple technique and equipment, the CO/CO.sub.2 ratio of the reduction gas is set at a predetermined value from 1 to 3.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of starting a plant for the production of pig iron or steel pre-material including a direct-reduction shaft furnace and a meltdown gasifier.At first the still empty meltdown gasifier is heated up by aid of a combustible gas and the smoke gases forming are introduced into the still empty direct-reduction shaft furnace.Coke or a degassed coal product is charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace and the smoke gases introduced into the direct-reduction shaft furnace are passed through the coke or the degassed coal product by releasing their sensible heat.The coke or the degassed coal product thereby is heated to ignition temperature and is charged into the meltdown gasifier in the hot state, catching fire upon the injection of an oxygen-containing gas or of oxygen.A further coal or coke bed serving for gasification is charged on the ignited bed of coke or degassed coal product and the charging substances are charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace.