Abstract: In a separator made of elastic synthetic material for starter batteries, which has a sheet thickness of approx. 0.15 to 0.35 mm and solid ribs formed integrally on both sides from the synthetic material, such that on the front side of the separator facing the positive electric plate a number of ribs is arranged, the height of which is greater than the thickness of the separator sheet, while the ribs on the rear side of the separator facing the negative electrode plate have a smaller height than the ribs on the front side, there are ribs on the rear side each arranged offset to the ribs on the front side, such that a front-side rib runs between two rear-side ribs arranged as a pair, or a rear-side rib runs between two front-side ribs arranged as a pair, such that the distance between the two ribs arranged in a pair is considerbly smaller than the distance between the adjacent groups each formed of three associated ribs.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for making a pile-surfaced thermoplastic material by a tack-spin technique the laminate of backing web and adhered pile is hauled off from the heated drawing surface over a rod or bar which fixes the point at which the laminate separates from the heated drawing surface and which directs cooling fluid from an aperture in the rod or bar and onto the back of the backing web and into the fibril-forming area.

Abstract: A process for making a pile-surfaced product comprises feeding a thermoplastic film and a backing between rollers, the roller which engages the thermoplastic being heated so as to cause the thermoplastic to adhere thereto, and subsequently separating the backing and the thermoplastic from the heated roller so that the thermoplastic is drawn into filaments. The nature of the pile is controlled by hauling off the backing and the thermoplastic over a rod or bar which fixes the point at which the thermoplastic separates from the heated roll, controls the path of the product as it moves away from the heated roll and guides a cooling fluid onto the back of the backing.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing sheet-like material having a thermoplastic pile surface includes a cylindrical roll having a heated surface, a feed arrangement for feeding a foundation layer and a thermoplastic material to the heated surface of the roll with the thermoplastic material located between and in contact with the surface and the foundation layer and a withdrawing arrangement for withdrawing the foundation layer and thermoplastic material from the heated surface in a manner such that the thermoplastic material is drawn into filaments which are attached to the foundation layer. In one embodiment the laminate is withdrawn from the roll over a tube or bar and a jet is provided for directing a jet of cooling fluid from the back of the foundation layer into the area where the filaments are formed. In another embodiment the laminate is withdrawn from the roll over a rod or bar which is inter-related with a front jet so that cooling fluid is deflected into the space between the bar and the roll.