Abstract: A pilot-operated hydraulic directional cartridge valve includes an installation sleeve and a control slide. The installation sleeve includes a bore, a first portion towards its front end face, a third portion towards its rear end face, and a second portion between the first and third portions. The first portion has a first external sealing diameter and the third portion has a second external sealing diameter greater than the first external sealing diameter. The second portion includes radial openings and possesses an external diameter greater than first external sealing diameter and smaller than the second external sealing diameter in the region of the radial openings. The control slide is guided in the axial direction on a guide diameter of the installation sleeve, behind the radial openings. The ratio between the first external sealing diameter and the guide diameter is in the range between 1.10 and 1.22.

Abstract: A pilot-operated hydraulic directional cartridge valve includes an installation sleeve and a control slide. The installation sleeve includes a bore, a first portion towards its front end face, a third portion towards its rear end face, and a second portion between the first and third portions. The first portion has a first external sealing diameter and the third portion has a second external sealing diameter greater than the first external sealing diameter. The second portion includes radial openings and possesses an external diameter greater than first external sealing diameter and smaller than the second external sealing diameter in the region of the radial openings. The control slide is guided in the axial direction on a guide diameter of the installation sleeve, behind the radial openings. The ratio between the first external sealing diameter and the guide diameter is in the range between 1.10 and 1.22.

Abstract: A directional control valve which has a movable control piston (5) which separates two pressure chambers (6, 8) from each other in the valve housing interior, which pressure chambers can be subjected to control pressure in order to move the control piston (5) into axial positions corresponding to relevant switch positions of the valve in accordance with the difference in pressure prevailing between the control chambers (6, 8). An arrangement (29) acts on the control piston (5), produces an actuating force and prestresses the control piston for movement into an axial position corresponding to a desired predetermined position.

Abstract: A directional control valve has an axially displaceable control piston inside a valve housing and a travel sensor arranged on the valve housing to detect the position of the control piston. The sensor includes a travel sensor tube which is pressure tight and sealed on one end and has a directional transmitter rod extending into the other end. The directional transmitter rod is secured to the control piston and extends through the area connecting the inside of the valve housing to the travel sensor tube. A seal exposes a dampening gap placed in the connecting area forming a throttle point enabling oil to flow into the travel sensor tube.

Abstract: An electric toaster includes a grate heating body having a reflector. A barlike heating element is disposed in front of the reflector. A shielding device is disposed in front of the heating element. The shielding device includes a field having a plurality of spaced-apart substantially round or polygonal shielding bars with a reflective surface extending approximately parallel to the heating bar and to one another.

Abstract: An arrangement for controlling a hydraulic motor having supply and discharge sides, has a throttling directional valve having supply and discharge sides and a port, a speed lowering brake valve controlling the discharge side of the hydraulic motor and having a control piston with a control side and a port connected with said port of said directional valve, a control valve arrangement between the control side of the control piston and the supply side of the hydraulic motor and having end sides with end side ports, the control valve having a control slider which selectively connects the control side of the control piston with the supply side of the hydraulic motor and disconnects the control side of the control piston from the latter, is constantly connected at the end side ports with the discharge side of the hydraulic motor prior or after the directional valve and connects the discharge side of the hydraulic motor after the directional valve with the control side of the control piston or disconnect the discha