Abstract: A layer system with a controllable heat emission, includes an IR-transparent carrier substrate, a layer with a controllable IR-transmission, an ion-permeable, IR-reflecting electrode, a solid electrolyte, an ion storage layer, a back electrode. The ion-permeable, IR-reflecting electrode is structured in such a manner that it is provided with non-cohesive openings which are distributed homogeneously over the electrode surface and whose maximal flat dimension is smaller than 10 .mu.m.

Abstract: A transparent glass/plastic material composite pane, comprising at least one transparent plastic pane, at least one glass pane and according to demand an adhesion-promoting intermediate layer between the glass pane and the plastic pane, the glass pane being a glass film of a layer thickness of from 30 to 1,000 .mu.m.

Abstract: An optical power limiting device whose transmissibility within a wave length range that is of interest is a function of the intensity of the incident radiation, the detuning of the resonance of surface plasmons being utilized. The device is particularly suitable for the protection of IR-detectors against the incidence of high radiation intensities.

Abstract: A microstrip antenna has an electrically conductive base plate carrying an electrically insulating substrate on top of which are a plurality of radiating patches, the improvement comprises establishing a relatively large spacing between the electrically insulating substrate and the base plate at lateral dimensions larger than lateral dimensions of the patches and in the vicinity of the patches and either through local elevations of the insulating substrate or by local indents in the base plate being vertically aligned with the patches.

Abstract: Pane or foil with controllable transparency and light transmission comprises a layer configuration between two transparent carriers such as glass panes, foils or the like; transparent electrodes are disposed on the carriers; a tansparent electrolyte and an active polymer layer are disposed between the electrodes; the active polymer layer has light absorption in the visible spectrum range characterized by a variation in the case of a reversible chemical doping reaction; preferably an additional transparent layer is included to serve as reversible source for storage and yielding of ions, the additional layer is juxtaposed to the electrolyte.

Abstract: Certain thermoplastics, notably high molecular weight, oriented amorphous or partially crystralline polyethylene are used as a cover for or directly as a window for IR equipment in aircraft, permitting direct exposure to the environment.

Abstract: An infrared detector includes a vacuum tube containing a photo sensitive layer comprised of densely packed needles arranged vertically on a substrate and having been grown as metal whiskers in a porous portion of the substrate. The substrate includes a metallic layer either in contact with or insulated from the needles depending upon the mode of the detecting system. The needles may face the incoming radiation, or may face away therefrom, in which case at least part of the substrate has to be transparent to infrared radiation. The radiation is either acquired directly or through an infrared optic or through a raster or line-scanning system. Photo emission from the needles can be used either directly for the production of an image or indirectly through a scanning process. The diameter and distance of the needles is significantly smaller than the radiation band to be detected.

Abstract: A selective coating for insulating glass, having high color neutrality, high solar transmissivity, a low K-value and great stability, consists of an electrically conductive layer in which very small, transparent, non-conductive particles are embedded.

Abstract: A solar collector panel consisting essentially of an electrically conductive substrate and of galvanically deposited projections which substantially completely cover a face of the substrate and extend away from the face to respective peaks absorb solar radiation efficiently when their peak-to-peak spacing averages 0.1 to 1 .mu.m in a direction parallel to the covered face, and the surfaces of the projections consist essentially of metal. The heat resistance of the projections can be enhanced by providing them with a core of different material, such as refractive metal oxide.

Abstract: A solar collector panel absorbing incident solar energy at a high rate while radiating only a small portion of the absorbed energy comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy as a continuous metallic substrate carrying an anodized oxide layer not substantially thicker than 1 .mu.. The exposed anodized surface is formed with a multiplicity of pores receiving nickel rods of microscopic dimensions which project from the oxide surface. When the pores are spaced apart 0.1 to 1 .mu. and have a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 .mu., the nickel rods being dimensioned correspondingly, the panel has the desired properties.