Abstract: A method of making a sensing unit for a sensing system of a vehicle includes providing a first housing portion, a second housing portion, and a transducer having a piezo element. The transducer is placed in the first housing portion at the closed transducer end of the first housing portion. A dampening ring is disposed in the first housing portion between the closed transducer end and the first open receiving end of the first housing portion. A compression ring is provided and disposed at least partially into the first open receiving end of the first housing portion with wires electrically connecting the piezo element to the pins of the compression ring in the first housing portion. A PCB is disposed in the second housing portion and electrically connected to terminals of a connector portion of the second housing portion. The first housing portion is attached to the second housing portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a characteristic curve of a hybrid separating clutch of a hybrid vehicle without a test stand, wherein the hybrid separating clutch separates or connects an internal combustion engine and an electric motor and the hybrid separating clutch is slowly actuated on the basis of a position which the hybrid separating clutch assumes in an unactuated state, and a clutch characteristic curve is determined as a function of a clutch torque over a path of the hybrid separating clutch. In a method by which a characteristic curve of the hybrid separating clutch can be reliably defined without a test stand, a clutch torque which underlies the characteristic curve of the hybrid separating clutch is determined from the torque of the internal combustion engine in the case of a running internal combustion engine and a motion state of the electric motor which brakes the internal combustion engine while the hybrid separating clutch is moving.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing a motor vehicle from rolling away, in which the motor vehicle includes an automated manual transmission, preferably a dual-clutch transmission. In the method in which a vehicle of this type is reliably prevented from rolling away, the NEUTRAL selector lever position is engaged only when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and a motor vehicle brake has been actuated.

Abstract: A method of making a sensing unit for a sensing system of a vehicle includes providing a first housing portion, a second housing portion, and a transducer having a piezo element. The transducer is placed in the first housing portion at the closed transducer end of the first housing portion. A dampening ring is disposed in the first housing portion between the closed transducer end and the first open receiving end of the first housing portion. A compression ring is provided and disposed at least partially into the first open receiving end of the first housing portion with wires electrically connecting the piezo element to the pins of the compression ring in the first housing portion. A PCB is disposed in the second housing portion and electrically connected to terminals of a connector portion of the second housing portion. The first housing portion is attached to the second housing portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a characteristic curve of a hybrid separating clutch of a hybrid vehicle without a test stand, wherein the hybrid separating clutch separates or connects an internal combustion engine and an electric motor and the hybrid separating clutch is slowly actuated on the basis of a position which the hybrid separating clutch assumes in an unactuated state, and a clutch characteristic curve is determined as a function of a clutch torque over a path of the hybrid separating clutch. In a method by which a characteristic curve of the hybrid separating clutch can be reliably defined without a test stand, a clutch torque which underlies the characteristic curve of the hybrid separating clutch is determined from the torque of the internal combustion engine in the case of a running internal combustion engine and a motion state of the electric motor which brakes the internal combustion engine while the hybrid separating clutch is moving.

Abstract: A method for controlling a motor vehicle transmission having a transmission actuator to actuate the vehicle transmission, having a vehicle clutch with a clutch actuator to actuate the vehicle clutch, having a first control unit which has a memory area that is unambiguously assigned to it, having a second control unit which has a memory area that is unambiguously assigned to it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preventing a motor vehicle from rolling away, in which the motor vehicle includes an automated manual transmission, preferably a dual-clutch transmission. In the method in which a vehicle of this type is reliably prevented from rolling away, the NEUTRAL selector lever position is engaged only when the motor vehicle is at a standstill and a motor vehicle brake has been actuated.

Abstract: A method for controlling a motor vehicle transmission having a transmission actuator to actuate the vehicle transmission, having a vehicle clutch with a clutch actuator to actuate the vehicle clutch, having a first control unit which has a memory area that is unambiguously assigned to it, having a second control unit which has a memory area that is unambiguously assigned to it.

Abstract: The resetting of a gear motor compensating parameter ensures that a start-up of a gearbox functions reliably in the vent that components are replaced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one protein, in particular at least one hydrophobin or at least one derivative thereof, for improving phase separation in compositions comprising at least two liquid phases, to methods for separating at least two liquid phases in a composition comprising at least two liquid phases, and to formulations comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fuels, combustibles, crude oils or water-soluble or oil-soluble polymer solutions and at least one protein, in particular at least one hydrophobin or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula where R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, are methyl or ethyl and R3 is H, methyl or ethyl, in homogeneous phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst and isolating the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate from the reaction mixture, by a process in which the catalyst is separated off as residue by a two-stage distillation of the reaction mixture and the tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is isolated from the distillates. The novel process makes it possible to use acetic acid-containing (meth)acrylic acid. The danger of cleavage of the ester and of polymerization of (meth)acrylic compounds is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for performing a diagnostic operation in motor vehicles, a method for operating a motor vehicle, a electronic control unit, and an electronic testing device, that differs from conventional methods and/or control units and/or testing devices by at least one characterizing feature and that it is novel relative to the known methods and/or devices.

Abstract: The tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4-carboxylic acid is prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with isobutene in the liquid phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a continuous process in which the reaction is carried out in a reactor divided into a plurality of sections, the carboxylic acid, the isoolefin and the catalyst are fed into the first section of the reactor, the reaction mixture obtained is removed from the last section of the reactor and the ester is isolated therefrom, the reaction temperature in the reactor being controlled so that it is from 10 to 40° C. and is highest in the first section of the reactor.

Abstract: The tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4-carboxylic acid is prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with isobutene in the liquid phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a continuous process in which the reaction is carried out in a reactor divided into a plurality of sections, the carboxylic acid, the isoolefin and the catalyst are fed into the first section of the reactor, the reaction mixture obtained is removed from the last section of the reactor and the ester is isolated therefrom, the reaction temperature in the reactor being controlled so that it is from 10 to 40° C. and is highest in the first section of the reactor. The novel process permits the technically simple, economical and environmentally friendly preparation of tertiary butyl esters of saturated and unsaturated C1-C4-carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4-carboxylic acid is prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with isobutene in the liquid phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a continuous process in which the reaction is carried out in a reactor divided into a plurality of sections, the carboxylic acid, the isoolefin and the catalyst are fed into the first section of the reactor, the reaction mixture obtained is removed from the last section of the reactor and the ester is isolated therefrom, the reaction temperature in the reactor being controlled so that it is from 10 to 40° C. and is highest in the first section of the reactor.

Abstract: A tert-C4-C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula 1

Abstract: The automatic dispenser comprises at least one rack (10) provided with inclined shelves (14) containing the items (26). A manipulator (18) is controllably movable at the front side of the rack for gripping under the first item and take it out of the inclined shelf. The manipulator (18) conveys the item (26) to one of at least two dispensing locations (22A, 22B). From each dispensing location an individual conveyor path leads to a place of destination. The dispensing locations (22A, 22B) are positioned at the front side of the rack (10). The rear side (27) of the rack opposite to the free space (17) is accessible for filling the inclined shelves (14) without the dispensing operation being impeded.

Abstract: The invention relates to photopolymerizable dental compositions of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or polymers thereof which are curable in two curing steps. Besides being comprised of fillers, said compositions also contain a photoinitiator component I having a light absorption maximum of <450 nm and a molar extinction of the light absorption of <10 at wavelengths of 470 nm or higher, and a photoinitiator component II having a molar extinction of the light absorption of >20 at least at one wavelength of at least >450 nm.

Abstract: A pressing machine includes a bottom form, onto which pressing material is laid from an operating side, and a top form which can be lowered onto the bottom form and which can be lifted off from the bottom form. There is a guide for the top form, by which guide the top form, without a substantial change in its spatial orientation, is moved, in a first stroke, out of an initial position obliquely downwards towards the operating side over the bottom form. The top form is then lowered onto the bottom form essentially at right angles, and, in a second stroke, is lifted off from the bottom form essentially at right angles and is then moved obliquely upwards away from the operating side into the initial position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measuring instrument, in particular for measuring waste gases from heating installations, comprising at least one sensor and pump arranged in a measuring channel, a microcomputer for controlling the measuring sequence and for processing the sensor signals, which is connected to an alphanumeric display device and two control elements, wherein one control element serves for paging in a selection menu, by which one menu item is displayed on the display device, and wherein the other control element serves to input in accordance with the menu item displayed.