Abstract: Physiological strengthening agents in the form of nutritional supplements, feed additives or in cosmetic preparations in the non-medicinal field of application, as well as plant stimulating agents is the use of guanidine compounds of the general formula (I) or their salts, especially creatinol, creatinol-O-phosphate or one of their salts with aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid or phosphoric acid. R1 and R2 can be organic or inorganic compounds, such as, phosphate, sulfate, acetyl, formyl, methyl, ethyl or propyl. The compounds are as nutritional supplements for, e.g., human being in the fields of education, sports, reconvalescence or geriatrics They can also be used as animal feed additives.

Abstract: A method for the continuous reduction of sulphur dioxide-containing gases essentially free of molecular oxygen, using coal or carbon, which comprises introducing the sulphur dioxide-containing gases into a coal-filled or carbon-filled reactor divided into at least three temperature zones, the temperature of which continuously increases in the direction of flow, including an inlet zone at a temperature of 150.degree. to 200.degree. C., a middle zone having a temperature of 300.degree. to 700.degree. C. and an outlet zone having a temperature of 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. and passing the sulphur dioxide-containing gases through the zones so that the gases are heated to a final temperature of about 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. in the outlet zone of the reactor and the sulphur dioxide is reduced to sulfur in the individual temperature zones. In a preferred embodiment, the sulphur dioxide-containing gases are introduced into a reactor having four temperature zones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for the continuous reduction of sulphur-dioxide containing gases essentially free of molecular oxygen using coal or carbon. The apparatus comprises: a reactor filled with a reducing agent of coal or carbon having an upper portion, at least one middle portion and a lower portion, an outer reactor mantle and inner heat exchange regions; a pipe in the upper reactor portion for introducing pre-heated sulphur dioxide containing gases; spaced apart pipes for introducing hot gases into the outer reactor mantle and into the inner heat exchange regions; device(s) for controlling the hot gas flow in the reactor mantle and in the heat exchange regions so that the temperature in the reactor increases in each portion from the upper portion to the lower portion; and an outlet pipe arranged within the reactor for the reduced sulphur-containing gases.

Abstract: A first and a second clamp member 25, 35 are shaped onto a coil former 1 to be provided with a coil and together with first and second clamping bodies 26, 36 permit the clamping and holding of the wire 10 during the winding and/or separation of the wire. For separating the wire 10 a separating apparatus 45 having a separating mandrel 46 and a separating sleeve 47 is placed on the coil former 1, so that the separating sleeve is moved relative to the separating mandrel and as a result the wire is separated. The winding apparatus can form a station C of an injection moulding machine on which it is possible to produce arc welded sleeves 4 made from thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A welding sleeve has an inner body with a grooved outer surface, a surrounding outer body and a resistance heating wire therebetween. The inner wall, between the bottoms of the grooves and inner surface of the inner body, increases in thickness toward the axial center of the sleeve. During welding, the center of the sleeve and the adjacent axial ends of the parts to be joined are heated later than the axial ends of the sleeve, thereby increasing the stability of the joint formed. Also, disclosed are improved mold assemblies for forming the welding sleeve.

Abstract: An electric welding muff for joining thermoplastic line elements comprising a welding sleeve and an electrical resistance heating wire. The sleeve is formed of thermoplastic material. The heating wire is wound in a plurality of turns and embedded in the sleeve adjacent one of its lateral surfaces and has peripherally spaced deformation points diverging from the general course of the turns. During manufacture and welding, the heating wire remains in its predetermined position since expansion of the wire is absorbed at the deformation points.

Abstract: Pipe components, i.e., pipes, adapting members and fittings made of weldable plastic, are interconnected by electrically weldable joints. The welding process is made possible by a welding sleeve 3 being connected to the output 4 of the device. A switch-on monitor 11 permits the switching on of a switch stage 7 of the welding current circuit. The thermal energy is determined by square-law simulation of the welding or mains voltage in a pulse generator 9, which produces a pulse frequency which is dependent on this value and whose pulses are summed in a counter 10. Once a count value that corresponds to the thermal energy has been reached, the switch stage 7 is switched off. If the count value is not reached a function monitor 5 gives a warning signal.

Abstract: Electric welding sleeves used more particularly with larger pipe diameters have a heating wire winding which is under compressive stress due to the shrinkage of the sleeve member. This compressive stress and the elongation of the resistance heating wire occurring during the welding process can lead to a lateral displacement and contact with adjacent turns. The welding apparatus (4) used for welding such sleeves obviates these difficulties in that the overall welding time of the electric welding sleeve (15) is subdivided into a preheating time and a welding time. During the preheating time a partial power is used and during the welding time the full welding power. If the welding power is taken from an alternating current system the welding process can start with half the power by arranging a diode (8) in the welding circuit (2) and at the end of the preheating time the diode is bridged by a switching stage (10).

Abstract: A sleeve member (4) formed from a pipe length by expansion is placed over a mandrel onto which are wound the spaced turns (7) of a resistance heating wire (6). By heating sleeve member (4) the latter is shrunk onto the turns (7). By electrically producing heat in wire (6) material flows around the expanding turns (7) and embed the latter completely in sleeve member (4), projecting material portions (8, 9) being formed in the vicinity of turns (7). Thus, a protection against electric shock hazard is obtained for turns (7) and after-working is made unnecessary for the standing back edge portions of inner wall (5) which deform inwards during manufacture.

Abstract: The disclosed sleeve is of the type including a resistance heating wire embedded in a thermoplastic sleeve material. A first sleeve member of insulating thermoplastic is molded with axially spaced integral annular receptacle wall members extending out from the outer surface and defining recesses. The walls have two diametrically opposite guide slots. Extending upwards from the center of each recess is a wire support stud. A resistance wire wound on the first sleeve between the wall members has its end sections passed through the slots and over the support stud, so that portions of the wire lie exposed against the side faces of the stud. A second sleeve member of insulating material is molded over the first sleeve so that the wire is embedded in the second sleeve but remains exposed within the recesses. The second sleeve material fills in the slots above the wire to thereby fix the wire in place in the slots.

Abstract: A thermoplastic synthetic resin sleeve to be slipped over the end of a tubular member to be joined to another such member has a winding of resistance heating wire adjacent the inner surface of the sleeve. Connectors at the ends of the wire are provided to connect the wire to a source of electrified power. Small diameter wire is chosen, the resistance thereof being selected as an inverse function of sleeve diameter, so that an unregulated source of power can be used. A visual indication is provided to indicate when a good weld joint has been made.

Abstract: To permit efficient heat welding of pipe fittings, and the like, of thermpolastic material to thermoplastic pipes, by electrically heating of the fitting, the fitting is made in two concentric portions, the inner portion having a heating wire applied to the outside thereof, the heating wire and inner portion being covered by the outer portion, for example injected thereover.