Abstract: Method is provided for determining the extent of defects, in particular of crack depths, in a test specimen. At least one transmitting transducer excites sound waves in the ultrasonic range, and the sound waves propagate in the form of a sound beam. The acoustic axis of the sound beam preferably forms an angle the normal to a surface of the test specimen facing the transmitting transducer. The sound waves couple into the test specimen obliquely and are reflected in particular in a V-shaped manner at a preferably outer interface of the test specimen. At least one receiving transducer spaced apart from the transmitting transducer receives the sound waves reflected at the interface of the test specimen. By means of an evaluation unit, an extent of a defect arranged within a sound path is determined from a reduction of the amplitude of the sound waves received by the receiving transducer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining a mechanical-technological characteristic variable of ferromagnetic metals, preferably ferromagnetic steels, and in particular fine-grained steels, which are used in pipelines. A magnetization apparatus, which has at least one permanent magnet or solenoid, magnetizes the metal which is to be determined, and a sensor apparatus comprising a transmission coil generates a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field which is generated by the magnetization apparatus in the metal, and which generates an eddy current. The eddy current is generated in the magnetically at least substantially saturated metal, and the eddy current is measured by an eddy current sensor of the sensor apparatus.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining at least one material characteristic of a magnetizable metal body by means of a micromagnetic sensor arrangement, which comprises at least one excitation coil having a magnetic core for signal excitation and at least one receiver. The body is magnetized by the sensor arrangement via current or voltage excitation of the sensor arrangement, which comprises at least one sign change between a positive part of a half-wave and a negative part of a half-wave. At least one signal is measured in the receiver, and the signal is Fourier transformed. The material characteristic are determined from at least one Fourier component. The excitation is turned off, and the post-oscillation of the signal is measured in the receiver. At least the part of the signal resulting from the post-oscillation in the Fourier transformation is used.

Abstract: Method is provided for determining the extent of defects, in particular of crack depths, in a test specimen. At least one transmitting transducer excites sound waves in the ultrasonic range, and the sound waves propagate in the form of a sound beam. The acoustic axis of the sound beam preferably forms an angle the normal to a surface of the test specimen facing the transmitting transducer. The sound waves couple into the test specimen obliquely and are reflected in particular in a V-shaped manner at a preferably outer interface of the test specimen. At least one receiving transducer spaced apart from the transmitting transducer receives the sound waves reflected at the interface of the test specimen. By means of an evaluation unit, an extent of a defect arranged within a sound path is determined from a reduction of the amplitude of the sound waves received by the receiving transducer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining a mechanical-technological characteristic variable of ferromagnetic metals, preferably ferromagnetic steels, and in particular fine-grained steels, which are used in pipelines. A magnetization apparatus, which has at least one permanent magnet or solenoid, magnetizes the metal which is to be determined, and a sensor apparatus comprising a transmission coil generates a magnetic field which interacts with the magnetic field which is generated by the magnetization apparatus in the metal, and which generates an eddy current. The eddy current is generated in the magnetically at least substantially saturated metal, and the eddy current is measured by an eddy current sensor of the sensor apparatus.