Abstract: In the invention method and apparatus where electric signals are tapped as potentials in a physiologically produced electric field, a vector is determined which represents the instantaneous state of an electric dipole. In order to be able to substantially determine and interpret the movement of a vector, the time patten of the vector is also determined. This includes the determination of differential vectors, surfaces covered by the vector, loops forming the vector and projections of said loops in a plane.

Abstract: A cardiogoniometry or vector cardiography system wherein signals directly derived from the bioelectrical field are not directly processed as orthogonal data but are instead especially orthogonalized in an analog computing network. Orthogonalization is based on a derivation electrode configuration space with sloping sagittal and frontal planes. The orthogonalized signals are processed in a cardiogoniometer and are also jointly recorded on a commercial electrocardiograph in parallel thereto. All the represented data which can be used for diagnosis purposes are referenced to a biological zero line, which differs from the electrical neutral point. The cardiogoniometer permits a vectorial real time measurement on the patient.

Abstract: When measuring signals are detected from a living being by means of electrodes, the moments of time associated with the starting point and the end point of the measuring signal are not unambiguously defined. In order to determine the starting point and the end point, a predetermined period of time of a selected signal pattern is subdivided into a first time interval and into a second time interval. The minimum distance between measuring points within the first time interval, on the one hand, and measuring points within the second time interval, on the other hand, is determined. The moments of time at which the measuring point of the first time interval associated with the minimum distance and the measuring point of the second time interval associated with the minimum distance are detected, are considered to constitute the starting point and the end point, respectively.

Abstract: A cardiogoniometry or vector cardiography system wherein signals directly derived from the bioelectrical field are not directly processed as orthogonal data but are instead especially orthogonalized in an analog computing network. Orthogonalization is based on a derivation electrode configuration space with sloping sagittal and frontal planes. The orthogonalized signals are processed in a cardiogoniometer and are also jointly recorded on a commercial electrocardiograph in parallel thereto. All the represented data which can be used for diagnosis purposes are referenced to a biological zero line, which differs from the electrical neutral point. The cardiogoniometer permits a vectorial real time measurement on the patient.