Abstract: A receiver is adaptively calibrated by using a coherent reference signal. The reference signal is selected to be offset from a center frequency of the calibration signal such that the resultant product is offset from baseband by some small amount. The resultant product is used to determine a next value of the calibration parameters.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna is implemented using a modular array element module. The array element module comprises an antenna element of the adaptive antenna. The antenna element has a weighting circuit which is coupled to a previous weighting circuit within a previous array element module in a concatenated manner. The weighting circuit is configured to apply a complex weight to antenna samples and to add the result to the output of the previous weighting circuit. The antenna element is also coupled to a cross-correlation measurement circuit configured to cross-correlate antenna samples with adaptation error samples to provide cross-correlation measurement samples to a controller which determines a weight applied by the weighting circuit.

Abstract: An integrated communication system supporting multiple TDMA or TDD communication protocols whereby both protocols are supported within the same geographic region. Each protocol defines time frames and/or time slots of a different duration, from which is derived a composite time frame having a predefined timing structure. A first base station unit communicates in a first set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a first TDMA or TDD protocol, and a second base station unit (which may be collocated with the first base station unit) communicates in a second set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a second TDMA or TDD protocol. Coordinating electronics (such as a GPS receiver in one or both base station units) are provided so as to prevent collisions between communications occurring between each base station unit and its respective users. In a particular embodiment, a first protocol is a GSM protocol, and a second protocol is a TDD protocol utilizing spread spectrum techniques.

Abstract: An integrated communication system supporting multiple TDMA or TDD communication protocols whereby both protocols are supported within the same geographic region. Each protocol defines time frames and/or time slots of a different duration, from which is derived a composite time frame having a predefined timing structure. A first base station unit communicates in a first set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a first TDMA or TDD protocol, and a second base station unit (which may be collocated with the first base station unit) communicates in a second set of time slots of the composite time frame according to a second TDMA or TDD protocol. Coordinating electronics (such as a GPS receiver in one or both base station units) are provided so as to prevent collisions between communications occurring between each base station unit and its respective users. In a particular embodiment, a first protocol is a GSM protocol, and a second protocol is a TDD protocol utilizing spread spectrum techniques.