Abstract: The disclosed methods, apparatuses, system, and articles can be used to associate metadata with a datastream, or to use metadata in the datastream to transform it into a different datastream. Through the use of metadata, the datastream can be used for purposes other than rendering a presentation. The metadata can also be used by a computer programmer to develop or modify software because the metadata can include extensive information regarding the application, data definition, user interface definition, and data used to render a datastream even though such information is not normally present in the datastream.