Abstract: A method and an arrangement for determining the spatial coordinates of at least one object point Pi from the coordinates of at least two base points which serve as reference points and which do not lie in a plane by means of a video tachymeter which is arranged at a recording stand point, is swivelable about a vertical axis StA and comprises a distance measuring arrangement, a video camera with CCD matrix, a sighting device and angle measuring devices, wherein the video camera is tiltable about a horizontal axis. The coordinates of optional object points are derived from base points in the terrain which are marked and measured by a reflector, laser spot or the like. In addition, a target image containing the marked base points and the object points is recorded and stored. The coordinates of optional object points are then determined from the position data (coordinates) in the target images, which position data are contained in the target images of the marked base points determined by the tachymeter.

Abstract: An arrangement for the vertical orientation of a geodetic instrument over a ground point, comprises an optical observation device for visual sighting of the ground point with a target beam, a laser device for generating a laser beam, and an optical in-coupling element by which the laser beam and the target beam can be coupled into a target axis impinging vertically on the target point. In this way, an exact orientation of the geodetic instrument can be achieved under all light conditions. The geodetic instrument retains its compact dimensions. In addition, a laser in a lower hazard class can be used.

Abstract: A setting out device comprises a rod which can be supported at a target point in the area surrounding a point to be set out, a reflector which is arranged on the rod for tachymetric detection of the target point, a unit provided at the rod for transmitting information to and receiving information from a tachymeter, and an auxiliary setting out device which is arranged or can be arranged in a definite position in relation to the reflector for converting position correction information with respect to the point to be set out that was transmitted to the transmitting and receiving unit into a mark in the terrain representing the point to be set out. In this way, it is possible to set out possible projected points in the terrain within a short period of time and with great accuracy.

Abstract: A device for horizontal and vertical adjustment in geodetic devices comprises within its housing, a horizontal adjusting system comprising a first fine adjustment drive for rotation of the device about a vertical standing axis and a vertical adjusting system comprising a second fine adjustment drive for the movement of a telescope which is mounted in the support of the device so as to be swivelable about a horizontal tilt axis. A coaxial drive, known per se, is arranged at the support of the device and has two coaxially mounted shafts, each having a rotating knob, for initiating the rotation and/or movement of the respective parts and subassemblies. Each of the two fine adjustment gear units comprises a worm and a worm gear with a friction clutch and can be actuated jointly from a location for generating movement in two movement directions running vertical to one another or at an angle to one another.

Abstract: A geodetic instrument is disclosed which is set up over a ground point by a tripod and whose telescope is swivelable about a tilt axis and a rotational axis and which is outfitted with a laser arrangement for centering the rotational axis over the ground point and for determining the height h of the intersection point of the tilt axis and rotational axis over the ground point. In an instrument of the type mentioned above, a first, preferably collimated, laser beam extending in the rotational axis and at least one further laser beam path which extends divergent to the first laser beam are provided and, together, enclose an angle &ggr;, and wherein there is further provided a measuring device for determining the distance a between the two laser beam paths at the height of the ground point and an evaluating device for calculating the height h of the intersection point over the ground point from the relationship h˜a.

Abstract: An arrangement for the vertical orientation of a geodetic instrument over a ground point, comprises an optical observation device for visual sighting of the ground point with a target beam, a laser device for generating a laser beam, and an optical in-coupling element by which the laser beam and the target beam can be coupled into a target axis impinging vertically on the target point. In this way, an exact orientation of the geodetic instrument can be achieved under all light conditions. The geodetic instrument retains its compact dimensions. In addition, a laser in a lower hazard class can be used.

Abstract: A multiple-axis inclinometer for measuring inclinations and changes in inclination comprises a cell which contains a liquid forming a horizon and which has a transparent base, and a device for illuminating a cross-line plate and imaging optics in the form of a piano-convex lens, which is arranged at the base of the cell or is a component part of the base, for imaging the cross-line plate on a receiver arrangement in the form of a CCD line. Two cross-line plates are provided, each having a cross-line grid formed of parallel cross-lines, wherein a light source is associated with each cross-line plate and illuminates the cross-line plate associated therewith. These two cross-line plates lie one above the other in an imaging plane which extends perpendicular to the surface of the liquid and in which the CCD line is also arranged, wherein the cross-lines of the two cross-line plates enclose an angle relative to one another whose bisector extends perpendicular to the imaging plane.

Abstract: An electronic level comprising a clinometer, an image receiving device having a telescope with an objective and with a CCD receiver matrix and with a screen for displaying the image of a graduated staff which is set up at a target and provided with a coded graduation. A vertical axis is rotatable about the level. A leveling device is included for alignment and rough leveling of the level with respect to the graduated staff. An input unit is provided for entering measurement data. A power supply unit and a computer is included for processing the measurement data, calculating measurement values and for image evaluation. The image receiving device comprises a CCD receiver matrix which is preferably operated in video clock.

Abstract: An all-around reflector for retroreflection of beams which comprises, as reflectors, triple prisms with round light entrance surfaces, wherein the triple prisms are arranged in a housing in such a way that their light entrance surfaces are part of the circumferential surfaces of the housing. The triple prisms are arranged in the housing in such a way that adjacent triple prisms contact, or almost contact, at a point inside the housing. The tips (corners) of the triple prisms lie in a plane extending vertical to the light entrance surfaces of the triple prisms wherein the axes of the triple prisms which intersect at a point are also located in this plane. Triple prisms which are located next to one another are oriented relative to one another so as to be rotated about their axes by 60°.

Abstract: A geodetic device is described, especially on a theodolite or a tachymeter which is provided with an arrangement for adjustment over a ground point or base point. It comprises a leveling base in which a bushing provided with a continuous center bore hole can be fastened and an upper part or alidade with a telescope which is pivotable about a horizontal tilting axis. Further, a first apparatus is provided for leveling the device in a horizontal plane and for displaying this plane, and a second apparatus is provided which comprise an objective imaging the ground point on a sensor arrangement. The arrangement for adjustment over a ground point is arranged between the leveling base and the upper part and is fixedly connected with the leveling base. It comprises a vertical spindle bushing with a hollow vertical spindle which is mounted therein and carries the upper part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a geodetic instrument with a telescope, an objective with a reticle in the focal plane, a clinometer and optoelectronic elements with the objective of avoiding faulty measurements due to a vibrating or oscillating target image, as well as of avoiding hanging or sticking of the pendulum and of achieving a higher measuring accuracy and of facilitating the reading of the pole. The invention is applicable particularly for compensator levels. Its task is to provide the fundamentals for an automated compensator level through the use of optoelectronic components and microprocessors and to carry out measurements on an oscillating substratum.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical arrangement for a range-finder having an observation path of beams and a measuring path of beams constituted of an objective and a reflection system arranged in the near-axial room behind and in close contact to the objective. The reflection system is laterally displaced in parallel to the objective axis and has a second reflecting face at right angles to the optical axis and a first reflecting face inclined by 45.degree. relative to the optical axis, the extension of the latter at right angles to the optical axis is smaller than the corresponding extension of the second reflecting face.

Abstract: The invention relates to a leveling arrangement for measuring the elevations above terrain points, in which a horizontal measuring beam originating from a distance measuring device searches a first deviating means and, after detection, a second deviating means. Both deviating means are perpendicularly arranged above terrain points marked by a stage each, which, in turn are provided with reflectors. The latter reflect to themselves the measuring beam directed by said deviated means upon said reflectors. Thus the measurement of the altitude of the different terrain points is converted into a distance measurement. The deviating means are triple reflectors, detectors can additionally be provided at the deviating means for detecting the measuring beam. The distance measuring device can be swingingly suspended on a vehicle.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for automatic alignment of a geodetic angle measuring device, especially an electronic tachymeter for topographical survey, in the marking and measuring of points. The object of the invention consists in a rapid and precise, yet constructively and technologically simple solution. The novel feature is the utilization of a reference parameter, which at the device position and the target point is the same. Such reference parameters are the north direction and vertical direction, which are fixed at the target point and the device position by a circular or magnetic compass and pendulum or plumb line. In reference to such north direction and/or vertical direction, there is measured the target direction of a reflector at the target point and are formed the complementary angles by which the tachymeter has to be adjusted so that it can aim at the reflector.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring the position of an index of a surveying device comprising a flat-plate micrometer and at least one swinging index. The interfering oscillations, due to external influences, of the index in the course of a repeated measurement of a graduated circle interval are compensated by balancing the measuring frequency and the interfering oscillation frequency. The frequency of the interfering index oscillations is detected by photodetectors, and compared to the rotation speed of a servo-motor for initiating the frequency of the repeated index measurement both frequencies being adapted to one another via the rotational speed controlled by a frequency controlled unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for determining the vertical axis of a surveying device including a horizontal and a vertical circle each being provided with an index. The two indexes are related to each other and the resulting departure, if any, is measured either visually or physically. By virtue of the inventional arrangement additional means for determining the vertical axis of a surveying device such as inclinometers are eliminated.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring angles, particularly for use in theodolites employs light electric detectors to carry out physical measurements. An index mark which is used in the measuring operation is arranged together with at least one reading position of a graduated circle in the object plane of an imaging system. The latter images the reading position of the graduated circle on to a first light electric detector and the index mark on to a second light electric detector. When two reading positions are used to obtain the reading value then the first reading position is imaged on to the second reading position which, together with the index mark, lies in the object plane of the imaging system. The common arrangement of the reading position and the index mark in the object plane of the imaging system eliminates any inaccuracies of the optical components and hence, accidental measuring errors. So it is possible to do without a very complicated light electrical evaluation system.

Abstract: An angle measuring device comprises a base, a telescope seated thereupon for rotation about an axis, a graduated circle having a line division, a micrometer for subdividing said line division, and photoelectric scanners for detecting angular values from said line division and from said micrometer. A graduated plate provided with a reticle is located in said telescope. Said reticle has a zone limited by two line marks which are arranged in parallel and symmetrically to and on either side of one of the reticle lines. Said two lines are spaced from said reticle line by a width which is at least double the size of one division interval of the graduated circle line division.