Abstract: A process for the substantial or complete elimination of ammonium sulfate generated during the production of acrylonitrile by the direct ammoxidation of propylene/propane, ammonia and an oxygen containing gas (e.g. air) over a fluid bed catalyst wherein the improvement comprises introducing methanol into said reactor in the upper portion of the reactor at a location where the methanol reacts with at least a portion if not substantially all of the excess ammonia without affecting the acrylonitrile yield. Preferably, methanol is introduced into the reactor at below its coking temperature. In particular, when an oxygen lean fluid bed catalyst is utilized, an additional oxygen containing gas is introduced into the reaction at a distance between about 8 to 14 inches from the methanol feed location.

Abstract: A process for the substantial or complete elimination of ammonium sulfate generated during the production of acrylonitrile by the direct ammoxidation of propylene/propane, ammonia and an oxygen containing gas (e.g. air) over a fluid bed catalyst wherein the improvement comprises introducing an organic compound(s) into said reactor at a location where the compound(s) reacts with substantially all of the excess ammonia without affecting the acrylonitrile yield. Preferably, the organic compound is methanol which is introduced into the reactor at below its coking temperature.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, and either phosphorus or antimony or mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal or mixture thereof, and optionally one element selected from the group of an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, niobium, thallium, arsenic, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, boron, calcium, tin, germanium, manganese, tungsten, tellurium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Catalysts having the general formula:V.sub.1 Bi.sub.a Sb.sub.b Fe.sub.c X.sub.d Y.sub.c Z.sub.f O.sub.gwherein,X=Mo, Cu, W, Nb, Te, P, Sn, Ge, AsY=Co, Ni, Ce, La, Mn, CrZ=Alkali, alkaline earth, B, Tl and,a=0.1-10,b=0.01-20,c=0.01-5,d=0-5,e=o-3,f=0-1, and g is determined by the valance requirements of the elements present,are produced by first forming and calcining an iron-antimony oxide composition which is subsequently combined with compounds of vanadium, bismuth and other elements. The catalysts are useful in the formation of phthalonitriles from the reaction of xylenes with oxygen and ammonia at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of molybdenum, bismuth, iron, cobalt, nickel, and chromium, and either phosphorus or antimony or mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal or mixture thereof, and optionally one element selected from the group of an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, niobium, thallium, arsenic, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, vanadium, boron, calcium, tin, germanium, manganese, tungsten, tellurium, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for converting a gaseous reactant comprising methane or natural gas to higher molecular weight hydrocarbon products is disclosed which comprises: (1) contacting said gaseous reactant with an oxidative coupling catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of about 500.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C. for an effective period of time to form an intermediate product comprising ethane, ethylene or a mixture thereof; and (2) pyrolyzing said intermediate product at a temperature in the range of about 900.degree. C. to about 1500.degree. C. for an effective period of time to form said higher molecular weight hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: A process for the one step esterification of aldehydes and alcohols comprises the steps of combining an aldehyde with an alcohol, in the presence of oxygen and in contact with a catalyst having the general formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group consisting of group IA, IIA, IVA, VIIB or VIII metals, As or Sb; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3 with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the catalytic conversion of lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate to acrylic acid by contacting a mixture of water and lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate in the vapor phase with aluminum phosphate which has been treated with an aqueous inorganic base.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting light hydrocarbon feedstocks such as methane and/or natural gas, to higher molecular weight hydrocarbon products that are more readily handleable and transportable. The process comprises heating a gaseous mixture comprising said light hydrocarbon feedstocks and carbon dioxide at a temperature of at least about 600.degree. C. for a period of time effective to provide said higher molecular weight liquid hydrocarbon product. The invention also relates to the higher molecular weight liquid products obtained by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a high activity palladium metal based catalyst having the formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group IIA, IVA, VA, IB, VIIB or VIII; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.The method comprises the step of forming an aqueous solution of a palladium compound, adding to the solution a powder of a reducing metal more electropositive than palladium and reducing the palladium to its metallic state on the surface of the reducing metal and, separating the resulting catalyst from the solution. Catalysts prepared according to this method are useful for producing esters from aldehydes and alcohols and provide greater conversions to the ester than catalysts prepared by previous processes.

Abstract: Improved supported, mixed-metal oxide oxidation catalysts are prepared by conditioning a devolatilized catalyst precursor with an alcohol prior to calacining the precursor to a finished catalyst. For example, a promoted bismuth phosphomolybdate oxidation catalyst useful for converting propylene to acrolein demonstrates enhanced performance characteristics when the devolatilized catalyst precursor is subjected to boiling ethanol prior to calcining it to a finished catalyst.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a high activity palladium metal based catalyst having the formulaPdTe.sub.a Zn.sub.d E.sub.ewhereE is one or more metals from the group IIA, IVA, VA, IB, VIIB or VIII; anda, d and e are from about 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least d or e.noteq.0.The method comprises the step of forming an aqueous solution of a palladium compound, adding to the solution a powder of a reducing metal more electropositive than palladium and reducing the palladium to its metallic state on the surface of the reducing metal and, separating the resulting catalyst from the solution. Catalysts prepared according to this method are useful for producing esters from aldehydes and alcohols and provide greater conversions to the ester than catalysts prepared by previous processes.

Abstract: A process for conducting a combination of fixed and fluid-bed catalytic reactions is achieved by employing fixed-bed catalysts on supports within the fluid bed. The fluid-bed catalysts may move in both directions through the fixed bed, thereby giving advantages of both types of beds in one reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed is the dehydrocyclization of certain alkylaromatics to indene or a substituted indene by contacting certain alkylaromatics in admixture with H.sub.2 O with a sulfided metal oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic process for making acrylic acid from acrolein by oxidation thereof with molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of steam. A new catalyst comprising a complex oxide catalyst of Mo, V and Zr.

Abstract: Compositions of the empirical formula:Mo.sub.12 P.sub.0.1-3 M.sub.0.1-3 Cu.sub.0.1-2 V.sub.0.1-2 Sb.sub.0.01-2 X.sub.0.01-2 Y.sub.a O.sub.x (I)whereM is at least one of K, Rb and Cs;X is at least one of Ba, La, Ga, Al, Ag, Cd, Ti, Tl, Hg, Pb and Zn;Y is at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Sr, Mn, In, Ta, Ge, S and Be when a>0;a is a number of 0 to about 2; andx is a number that satisfies the valance requirements of the other elements present,are excellent catalysts for the oxidation of oxygenated C.sub.4 hydrocarbons, such as methacrolein, to methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A vapor phase catalytic process for making an unsaturated carboxylic acid from an olefinically unsaturated aldehyde, particularly acrylic acid from acrolein, by oxidation thereof with molecular oxygen, optionally in the presence of steam and a new catalyst comprising a complex oxide catalyst of Mo, V and Zr.

Abstract: It is disclosed that a Pd-Tl alloy catalyst is used in making acetals and acetalic ethers from alcohols and saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, and to make cyclic acetals and cyclic acetalic ethers when reacting with diols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of phosphomolybdic acid based catalysts utilized in the oxidation of aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids by forming a solution of hydrated phosphomolybdic acid in a substantially anhydrous alkanol, adding a base to the solution, evaporating the solution to yield a catalyst powder and thereafter drying and calcining the powder to form the active catalyst. A second method for preparation is also provided and includes the steps of forming a solution of hydrated phosphomolybdic acid in a substantially anhydrous alkanol, evaporating the solution to form a concentrate, impregnating a catalyst support material with the concentrate, contacting the impregnated support with ammonia gas in an amount sufficient to form an insoluble precipitate of ammonium alkyl phosphomolybdic acid within the pore structure of said support material and thereafter drying and calcining said impregnated support material so as to form a coated catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is the reaction acrolein or methacrolein with a mono- or dihydroxyalkane to produce a 3-alkoxypropionaldehyde or a 3-(hydroxyalkoxy)propionaldehyde in the case of acrolein; or to produce a 3-alkoxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde or a 3-(hydroxyalkoxy)-2-methylpropionaldehyde in the case of methacrolein, by contacting a mixture of the recited reactants with a particulate solid metallic catalyst comprising an alloy of palladium and cadmium.