Abstract: The invention relates to a cross-linked, water-swellable polymer that contains polymerized into it moieties of a) water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, and b) 0.001 to 5 mole % based on the monomers a) of a cross-linking combination, b1) a frist cross-linking agent with at least two (meth)acrylic ester moieties in the molecule and b2) a second cross-linking agent with at least two (meth)allyloxy moieties in the molecule, the molar ratio of b1) to b2) ranging from 0.7:1 to 10:1. The polymer according to the invention has a balanced property profile as regards absorptivity, gel strength, absorption speed and extractable componenents and can be advantageously produced by a continuous method.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of crosslinked fine particles of polymer gel by copolymerizing

Abstract: A process for continuous production of crosslinked fine particles of polymer gel by copolymerizing a) water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, b) from 0.001 to 5 mol % based on the monomers (a) of monomers containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, and c) from 0 to 20 mol % based on the monomers (a) of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in from 20 to 80% by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator at from 0 to 140° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cross-linked, water-swellable polymer that contains polymerized into it moieties of a) water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, and b) 0.001 to 5 mole % based on the monomers a) of a cross-linking combination, b1) a first cross-linking agent with at least two (meth)acrylic ester moieties in the molecule and b2) a second cross-linking agent with at least two (meth)allyloxy moieties in the molecule, the molar ratio of b1) to b2) ranging from 0.7:1 to 10:1. The polymer according to the invention has a balanced property profile as regards absorptivity, gel strength, absorption speed and extractable components and can be advantageously produced by a continuous method.

Abstract: Hydrogel-forming polymers which have: (i) a Saline Flow Conductivity of at least 40×10−7 cm3s/g; (ii) an AUL 0.7 psi (4826.5 Pa) of at least 20 g/g; and (iii) a Frangibility Index of at least 60%, are useful in hygienic articles such as incontinence briefs for adults and diapers for infants.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of finely divided polymer powders by polymerizing water-soluble monomers in the aqueous phase of a water-in-oil emulsion in the presence of water-in-oil emulsifiers and polymerization initiators, removing the water from the resultant water-in-oil polymer suspension by azeotropic distillation, and isolating the suspended, finely divided polymer powder, either the polymerization of the water-soluble monomers being carried out in the presence of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers employed in the polymerization, of protective colloids, or the protective colloids being added to the water-in-oil polymer suspension after the polymerization is complete. The polymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of surfactant. The finely divided pulverulent polymers are used as flocculants or thickeners for aqueous systems.

Abstract: Finely divided, gel-like, water-swellable copolymers are prepared by copolymerizing(a) 100 parts by weight of water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers,(b) from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of monomers containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds and(c) from 0 to 20 parts by weight of water-insoluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomersin 20-80% strength by weight aqueous solution in the presence of a polymerization initiator and from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the monomers used in the copolymerization, of a surfactant, by a process in which the monomers are copolymerized in the presence of initially from 0 to 50% by weight of the amount of surfactant to a conversion of not less than 60%, the remaining amount of surfactant is then added to the reaction mixture and the copolymerization is completed and the resulting gel particles dried.

Abstract: Polymers in bead form are prepared from water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers by a reverse suspension polymerization of a liquid in the presence of polymerization initiators and protective colloids obtainable by grafting polymers (A) containing (a) aromatic monovinyl monome from 40 to 100% by weight (b) C.sub.3-6 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or maleic anhydride from 0 to 60% by weight (c) other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers from 0-20% by weight, as copolymerized units with the proviso that the sum of the weight (a) to (c) is always 100 and the polymer (A) has a molecular weight (number average) from 500 to 20,000 and a hydrogenation iodine number from 1.3 to 51 with a fixed monomer mixture at given concentration levels.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a pulp slurry in the presence of high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers of N-vinylamides as drainage aids, retention agents and flocculants. These polymers are particularly effective in a pulp slurry which has a high content of interfering substances and other phenolic compounds.

Abstract: Bead polymers are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization by a process in which an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in an aliphatic hydrocarbon using an inorganic suspending agent based on a modified finely divided mineral and, in addition, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of a nonionic surfactant, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with the formation of a water-in-oil polymer suspension.

Abstract: Dilute aqueous solutions of high molecular weight polymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide or of homopolymers or copolymers of salts of ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -carboxylic acids are stabilized to thermal degradation by adding (a) at least 20 ppm of an inorganic sulfur compound, in which the sulfur has an oxidation number of +2 to +5, and (b) at least 20 ppm of a complexing agent for metal ions.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous solutions of quaternization products of tertiary aminoalkyl esters or tertiary aminoalkylamides of acrylic or methacrylic acid are prepared by reaction of the corresponding esters or amides with an alkylating agent in a water-soluble ketone as solvent, by a process wherein, in order to isolate the quaternization product, an amount of water is added to the reaction mixture such that two phases form, and the lower aqueous phase, which contains the quaternization product in solution, is separated from the upper phase, which contains the ketone and residual alkylating agent.

Abstract: Flocculants based on polymers of neutralized or quaternized di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylaminoneopentyl (meth)acrylates and copolymers thereof are used for clarifying waste water and for flocculating sludges.

Abstract: A cooling capsule for a thyristor wherein the capsule is provided with a metallic core having at least one heat transfer surface and with a plurality of bores extending between surfaces of the core so as to form a meander-line-like flow path therethrough between an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The aforesaid surfaces between which the bores extend are provided with recesses each of which connects adjacent pairs of bores and the capsule is further provided with plate-like members, each of which covers a recess and is joined thereto by electron beam welding.