Abstract: Copolymers and graft copolymers of perfluoroalkylacrylates or methacrylates and esters of the general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote hydrogen or methyl,p denotes 2 to 6,q denotes 2 to 200 andx and y denote 3-30,are outstandingly suitable for finishing textile materials, leather and paper.

Abstract: A lubricant for a substrate, particularly a synthetic material, comprising a hydrogen polyorganosiloxane having the structure ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl radical containing up to 14 C atoms or a halogen- or pseudohalogen-substituted low molecular weight alkyl radical or a phenyl radical, with the proviso that at least 50% of all the R radicals consist of methyl groups; R.sub.1 is a methyl radical; n is a number from 0 to 15; x is a number from 100 to 1000 and y is a number from 2 to 10. The lubricant is particularly useful in a method to lubricate artificial turf such as the type used on football, soccer and baseball fields.

Abstract: Phobicity effects of high quality and permanence are obtained on textile materials of the most diverse types if these are finished with combinations ofA) a polymer containing perfluoroalkyl groups andB) a cationically modified polyurethane.The new compositions are also distinguished by a comparatively low content of expensive fluorine compounds.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of copolymers and/or graft copolymers composed of ethylenically unsaturated perfluoroalkyl monomers and perfluoroalkyl-free ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be prepared by polymerization in the presence of aqueous, emulsifier-free polyurethane dispersions as the graft base based on compounds containing perfluoroalkyl groups and active hydrogen atoms and compounds containing ionic and/or nonionic hydrophilic groups and active hydrogen atoms and polyisocyanates and can be used for the oil-repellent and water-repellent finishing of textiles, carpets, leather and paper.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of copolymers and graft copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated perfluoroalkyl monomers having at least 6 C atoms in the perfluorinated chain and ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing no perfluoroalkyl groups, which additionally contain certain ester compounds which cannot be used as comonomers, are outstandingly suitable for finishing textile materials, leather and the like. Excellent oleophobic and hydrophobic effects are obtained.

Abstract: Ketene dimers of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another denote an alkyl or alkenyl radical each of which has at least 8 C atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having at least 6 C atoms or an aryl or aralkyl radicalare used for the treatment of wool and synthetic polyamide fibres.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of copolymers and graft copolymers which are formed from ethylenically unsaturated perfluoroalkyl monomers and ethylenically unsaturated monomers from from perfluoroalkyl groups and which are prepared in the presence of emulsifiers containing cationic groups are used for imparting a water-repellent and oleo-repellent finish to textiles, leather and paper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to graft copolymers based on at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing perfluoroalkyl groups mixed with an acrylic, methacrylic, vinyl, maleic and/or styrene derivative and a melamine polycondensate as the graft substrate, which are suitable for oleophobic treatment of textiles, carpets, paper or leather and at the same time are effective hydrophobicity agents, and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: Waterproofing and oil-proofing agents contain A. compounds containing a perfluoroalkyl group, and B. quaternization products of basic fatty acid amides.

Abstract: A textile finishing agent comprising, by weight, about(A) 50-80 parts of an aqueous colloidal suspension, in the form of a sol, at least one of an organosilsesequioxane having units of the formula RSiO.sub.3/2 (wherein R is optionally substituted alkyl or aryl of up to 7 carbon atoms) and a cocondensate of a hydrolyzate of a tetraalkoxysilane with an organotrialkoxysilane having RSiO.sub.3/2 or SiO.sub.2 units, and(B) 20-50 parts of an aqueous dispersion which contains about 5 to 50% by weight of an organic polymer resin which contains perfluoroalkyl groups which have 3 to 20 C atoms and which, in addition to fluorine atoms, can contain at most 1 hydrogen atom or chlorine atom per 2 C atoms and in which the perfluoroalkyl chain can be interrupted by oxygen and which has a fluorine content of about 0.2 to 40% by weight.Textiles finished therewith are hydrophilic, oleophilic and soil resistant.

Abstract: A graft polymer dispersion suitable for finishing textiles and comprising water, a dispersing auxiliary and a polymeric product produced by subjecting to free radical polymerization a composition comprising(A) an organopolysiloxane containing vinyl groups,(B) an organopolysiloxane containing Si-H groups, and(C) a polymerizable vinyl monomer, some of the organopolysiloxane components being linked via polymerized units of the vinyl monomer and some of the Si-H groups of the Si-H-organopolysiloxane being modified by mono-addition of the vinyl monomer.

Abstract: Imidazoline derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 designate C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl,m and n designate 2 or 3, andA.sup..crclbar. designates an anion, in particular formate, acetate, phosphate, phosphite, phosphonate, sulphonate, toluenesulphonate or benzoate,a process for their preparation, and their use as softeners.

Abstract: Textile-treatment agents which containA. 50-80% by weight of acylated alkanolamines formed from saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 12-22 C atoms and alkanolamines containing 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms, 1-3 hydroxyl groups and 2-6 C atoms, in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 3:1,B. 10-30% by weight of water-soluble quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 14-25 C atoms which is interrupted by an amide or ester groups,R.sub.2 denotes a radical such as R.sub.1 or an alkyl radical having 1-4 C atoms,R.sub.3 denotes an alkyl radical having 1-4 C atoms or an hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl radical,R.sub.4 denotes an alkyl radical having 1-4 C atoms or an hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or benzyl radical andX.sup.(-) denotes an anion.C. 2-20% by weight of a fatty acid ester formed from saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 12-22 C atoms or dicarboxylic acids having 4-10 C atoms and monohydric to tetrahydric alcohols having 3-20 C atoms,D.

Abstract: A de-foaming agent comprising by weight about(a) 80 to 100 parts of a polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane copolymer of the formula:[R.sup.1 Si(OSiR.sub.2).sub.n ].sub.m Z.sub.m-1 (OR.sup.2).sub.m+2,in whichR represents an optionally halogen-substituted alkyl-group with up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 represents the substituent R or a phenyl radical,R.sup.2 represents a group of the composition ##STR1## Z represents the difunctional unit --O-- or ##STR2## and R.sup.3 denotes a hydrocarbon radical with up to 6 carbon atoms,R.sup.4 denotes independently from one another hydrogen or R.sup.3,n denotes a number between 3 and 40,m denotes a number between 1 and 15,x denotes a number between 0 and 68,y denotes a number between 0 and 52,x+y denotes a number between 1 and 68 andp denotes a number between 2 and 12,and (b) 0.5 to 20 parts of a hydrophobic silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A textile pile-stabilizing impregnating agent comprising a colloidal suspension of silicic acid having SiO.sub.2 units and organosilsesquioxanes having units of the formula RSiO.sub.3/2 wherein R is an alkyl or aryl radical with up to 7 carbon atoms. It is produced by adding a silane of the formula RSi(OR').sub.3, together with a silane of the formula Si(OR').sub.4, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl radical with up to 7 carbon atoms, and R' is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, to a mixture of water and a surface-active agent containing a buffer, the amount of silanes added being about 5 to 22% of the total weight of the addition plus mixture.