Abstract: Accurate evaluation of reaction kinetics is evaluated using the threshold-value method. Amenable curve profiles for this method occur whenever, under controlled ambient conditions, the transition of a reaction-dependent variable from an initial state to a final state is observed over time.

Abstract: A coin collection apparatus for use with a coin validity testing device. The apparatus includes an electromagnetically actuated accept flap located downstream of the testing device which accept flap is pivotally supported to rotate about a horizontal axis to direct coins to a reject channel or an accept channel in response to signals delivered by the testing device. The accept flap is biased by a spring to the reject position. The apparatus further includes a first sensor located downstream of the accept flap and a second sensor located downstream of the first sensor and a processor to which the signals of the testing device and the sensors are supplied.

Abstract: A coin validator which discriminates valuable coins includes a coin path along which the coins roll. A leaf spring is fixed at one end and has a spring member which projects into the coin path at the other end when the leaf spring is in a rest position. The leaf spring oscillates when the spring member is struck by a rolling coin. An evaluation circuit produces a timing signal as a function of the elapsed time between the striking of the spring member by the rolling coin and the time when the spring member first approaches the rest position after being struck. A memory stores reference values corresponding to valuable coins and a comparator compares the timing signal to the reference values for discriminating valuable coins.

Abstract: An inductive starting sensor for a battery powered coin acceptor includes an oscillator whose output signal changes when a coin passes through the area of the starting sensor. The sensor includes a capacitor which can be discharged via a resistor. The capacitor is periodically charged via a transistor connected to the oscillator in an emitter follower circuit. The transistor becomes currentless upon a diminution of the oscillator voltage due to the damping of the inductance of the oscillator on account of a passing coin. A further transistor generates a starting signal for the coin acceptor when the first transistor becomes currentless.

Abstract: A coin accepting apparatus. The apparatus includes a pair of generally parallel, spaced-apart plates. The plates define a coin track for receiving and guiding coins wherein each plate has a side facing the coin track and an opposing side facing away from the coin track. The apparatus further includes a sensor on the opposing side of one plate for detecting a characteristic of coins to be validated and first and second retainers on the opposing side of the plate for inhibiting movement of the sensor. The first retainer includes a spring arm for engaging the sensor and biasing the sensor against the opposing side of the plate. The second retainer engages the sensor and constrains movement of the sensor along an axis generally perpendicular to the opposing side of the plate.