Abstract: A system and method for predicting porosity defects due to solidification in a process of casting a metal object by calculating a fraction liquid distribution field for a solution domain defined based on a 3D computer model of the metal object and defining a second order, graph-like sub-grid of interconnected feeding units separated by interface areas by finding minima in the fraction liquid distribution field. A change in porosity volume is determined in each of the feeding units by calculating the total volume of metal inflow and outflow between a feeding unit and its adjacent feeding units and calculating metal shrinkage in the feeding units.

Abstract: A method or system for optimizing a process for producing a cast or molded product made by one or more production steps in respect of one or more predetermined parameters towards one or more optimal values, the process comprising the steps of: defining one or more technical requirements for the cast or molded product; providing a simulation of the casting or molding process; generating with each computer implemented process one or more solutions for the production step concerned that will lead to a cast product that will fulfill the technical requirements; and determining in a further computer implemented process which combination of the individual solutions results in an actual process or in a selected sub-set of production steps in which the predetermined parameter is closest to the optimal value.

Abstract: An industrial waste water containing hexane soluble impurities is adjusted in pH to a value of at least 11.6 and thereafter calcium chloride is added to that waste water in an amount of at least 1,700 parts per million, based on the total weight of industrial waste water. A metal hydroxide floc results which includes a substantial portion of the hexane soluble impurities attached to or incorporated in the floc. The floc can be agglomerated with conventional coagulants and then separated from the clarified waste water. The calcium chloride will react at this very high pH to effectively flocculate a substantial portion of the oils and greases (hexane solubles) in addition to a substantial portion of the contaminating metal ions in the industrial waste water.