Abstract: In the method for the preparation of bicarbonate-containing hemodialysis fluids of individually adaptable compositions according to specific therapeutic requirements of patients a combination of a quantitatively greatly predominating basic concentrate of uniform standard composition is applied in conjunction with an individually selected additional or individual concentrate. The basic concentrate, mainly consisting of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, supplies to the dialysis fluid a sodium concentration at or slightly below the lower limit of the physiological range, whereas the individual concentrate supplies the complementary concentration of sodium up to an individually selected physiological level as well as salts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium and also glucose in individually adapted concentrations. The individual concentrate is a 120- to 250-fold liquid concentrate, resulting in an easy to handle quantity of typically one liter for one dialysis treatment.

Abstract: The apparatus for hemodialysis and hemofiltration comprises an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising a dialyzer and/or filter arrangement. For determining the fluid withdrawal per unit time and the total amount of fluid withdrawn flow sensors in conjunction with an evaluating unit are inserted into the blood circuit upstream and downstream of the dialyzer or filter arrangement. The flow measurement is by the ultrasonic Doppler principle and for obtaining high accuracy the sensors comprise measuring inserts belonging to the blood tubing system and having special means for defined coupling-in and coupling-out and precise conduction of the ultrasonic waves. Apart from the measurement, means are provided for regulating the net fluid withdrawal.

Abstract: The ultra-filtration in a hemodialysis operation is controlled by a control apparatus which is connected to a balancing device (1) and to a dosing device (9) to form a closed loop control circuit for the metered supply of dialysis concentrate into the balancing device and for the metered supply of fresh dialysis solution into the dialyzer. The closed loop control circuit controls the alternating supply of fresh dialysis solution into one chamber of a balancing device and the withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution from the other chamber of the balancing device. The closed loop control circuit also controls a pump for the metered withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution out of the dialysis circulatory system. The dosing device operates as a proportionality device to produce fresh dialysis solution from water and dialysis concentrate whereby the concentrate is dosed and the dialysis solution is also dosed or metered.

Abstract: In accordance with a method of and an arrangement for producing lipid vesicles from biological membranes or lipid suspensions, a lipid suspension or lipid particles in a dispersion fluid are accommodated in a treatment container, ultrasonic treatment of the same is performed in condition of a substantially constant temperature, ultrasonic frequency and intensity for providing a desirable size or size distribution of the lipid vesicles are determined, and these parameters are maintained constant by measuring an actual value of frequency and intensity of an ultrasonic field of the reaction medium and adjusting a power and frequency of the ultrasonic treatment in dependence upon the measured actual value.

Abstract: The ultra-filtration in a hemodialysis operation is controlled by a control apparatus which is connected to a balancing device (1) and to a dosing device (9) to form a closed loop control circuit for the metered supply of dialysis concentrate into the balancing device and for the metered supply of fresh dialysis solution into the dialyzer. The closed loop control circuit controls the alternating supply of fresh dialysis solution into one chamber of a balancing device and the withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution from the other chamber of the balancing device. The closed loop control circuit also controls a pump for the metered withdrawal of used-up dialysis solution out of the dialysis circulatory system. The dosing device operates as a proportionality device to produce fresh dialysis solution from water and dialysis concentrate whereby the concentrate is dosed and the dialysis solution is also dosed or metered.

Abstract: A blood detoxification apparatus comprises a housing filled with a plurality of substantially spherical reaction bodies. Each reaction body comprises an embedding material and active ingredient particles such as adsorbents and/or enzymes embedded in the embedding material which is blood compatible but nonpermeable for corpuscular blood components. The active ingredients may have a dust or powder or granular consistency but are substantially smaller in diameter than the reaction bodies which may be distributed in layers in said housing whereby the active ingredients in different layers may be different.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring electrode has an ion-selective membrane and direct potential take off via an electron conductor. A diffusion barrier layer is provided between the membrane and the electron conductor for the purpose of reducing or eliminating the sensitivity to faults which can be caused by the presence of gases in a medium which is to be analyzed and into which the sensor is introduced. The diffusion barrier preferably comprises an ion-conducting solid-state body having a high diffusion resistance to oxygen.

Abstract: An ion-sensitive sensor has an electron-conducting electrode and a membrane for determining the selectivity which is arranged to come into contact with a medium to be analyzed. The membrane is applied to an ion-conducting layer of glass which is in connection with the electron-conducting electrode via an ion-conductor. The membrane preferably comprises at least one organic polymer, such as PVC, having ion-active components, such as organic carrier molecules, selective ligands or ion exchangers, embedded therein. The layer of glass may also have ion-selective properties.

Abstract: A multiple measurement system for the electrochemical analysis of fluids and gases includes a housing adapted to receive a plurality of isolating members which are firmly held in position in the housing. The housing and isolating members are adapted to receive measurement-probes, each of which extends into the isolating member and is in intimate contact with a measurement chamber provided therein. Inflow and outflow openings or channels communicating with the measurement chamber are provided in the insulating members. The end surfaces of each insulating member and the contact surface of a pair of end members are frusto-conically shaped to provide intimate contact between touching surfaces of the isolating and end members. The inflow and outflow channels or openings provided in the isolating members and end members are in alignment and provide a continuous fluid flow path from input to output.

Abstract: The electrical sensor of the present invention for electrochemical analysis comprises a sheath and at one end thereof a semi-permeable membrane which is impermeable for macromolecular materials and bacteria, and further is comprising a measuring probe insertible to said sheath.The sheath is constructed in the form of a pericatheter and the measuring probe comprises a completely self-contained sensor, capable of operating independently of the said sheath, the membrane of said sensor being in direct contact with the membrane of said pericatheter.

Abstract: A roller pump having one or more hoses is combined with a control system including a potentiometer for controlling the speed of the pump motor. A manually settable control provides an output corresponding to the diameter of the hose, and a further control provides an output corresponding to the number of hoses. An electronic circuit connected to receive the outputs of the controls, provides an output signal corresponding to the flow rate of the pump. This signal is applied to an indicator, so that an operator may adjust the speed of the pump to obtain a desired flow rate.