Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock containing at least one hydrocarbon fraction having a sulphur content of at least 0.1% by weight, an initial boiling temperature of at least 340° C. and a final boiling temperature of at least 440° C., making it possible to obtain a heavy fraction having a sediment content after ageing of less than or equal to 0.1% by weight, said process comprising the following stages: a) a stage of visbreaking the feedstock in at least one maturation chamber (soaker), b) a stage of separating the effluent obtained at the end of stage a), c) a stage of maturation of the heavy fraction originating from stage b), d) a stage of separating the sediments from the heavy fraction originating from the maturation stage c) in order to obtain said heavy fraction.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the production of fuel of the heavy fuel oil type, this fuel optionally being able to become a marine fuel, from a heavy hydrocarbon-containing feedstock having a sulphur content of at least 0.5% by weight, an initial boiling temperature of at least 350° C. and a final boiling temperature of at least 450° C., a process using a fixed-bed hydrotreatment stage, an intermediate separation and a hydrocracking stage comprising at least one reactor of the hybrid type.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of carbon-based material to fuel bases by a hybrid route combining direct ebullent bed liquefaction and indirect liquefaction by gasification followed by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, including a stage of production of hydrogen resulting from non-fossil resources and a reverse water gas reaction stage. This process makes it possible to limit emissions of greenhouse gases.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of treating feeds from renewable sources comprising: a hydrotreatment stage a) comprising at least two catalytic zones in which the entry stream comprising said feed mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) is introduced into the first catalytic zone at a temperature comprised between 150 and 260° C., and the effluent from the first catalytic zone is then introduced, mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) and preheated, into the following catalytic zone or zones at a temperature comprised between 260 and 320° C., a stage b) of separation of the effluent from the hydrotreatment stage a) permitting the separation of a gaseous effluent and of a hydrotreated liquid effluent of which at least a part is recycled upstream from each catalytic zone of stage a).

Abstract: A process for the conversion of coal into fuel bases comprises two successive direct liquefaction stages in ebullated bed reactors followed by a fixed bed hydrocracking stage. This process can produce excellent quality fuel bases (kerosene and diesel).

Abstract: A process for the conversion of oil feeds for the production of low sulphur fuels comprises the following steps in succession: a step for fixed bed hydrodemetallization of the feed using an upstream system of fixed bed swing reactors; a step for fixed bed hydrocracking of the hydrodemetallized effluent in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst; a step for separation in order to obtain a heavy fraction; a step for hydrodesulphurization of the heavy fraction in which hydrogen is reinjected.

Abstract: Process for conversion of petroleum feed for production of low sulphur content fuel comprising the following steps: a step of ebullated bed hydroconversion of the feed in the presence of a supported catalyst, a separation step allowing a residual fraction to be obtained, a step of fixed bed hydrotreatment of the residual fraction using an upstream system of permutable reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of diesel fuel bases comprising a sulfur content that is less than 100 ppm, starting from a feedstock that is obtained from a renewable source, comprising the following stages: a) A stage for bringing the feedstock into contact with a fixed-bed hydrotreatment catalyst for producing an effluent that comprises a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen and a hydrocarbon-based liquid fraction, d) A stage for bringing into contact at least one portion of the hydrocarbon-based liquid fraction in the presence of a selective hydroisomerization catalyst in a fixed bed, e) A stage for separating the effluent that is obtained from stage d) into a gaseous fraction that comprises hydrogen and at least one diesel-fuel-based fraction.

Abstract: A process for direct hydroliquefaction of biomass selected from algae, lignocellulosic biomass and/or of one or more constituents of lignocellulosic biomass selected from the group comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin for producing fuel bases comprising two successive hydroconversion stages under high hydrogen pressure in ebullating bed reactors. Hydroconversion takes place in the presence of a supported catalyst of the type for hydroconversion of petroleum residue and a suspension composed of the biomass and a solvent, preferably a hydrogen donor solvent and preferably recycled from the process. The biomass can undergo a pretreatment of drying and/or roasting and/or grinding and/or demineralization prior to hydroliquefaction.

Abstract: A process for converting carbon material into fuel bases comprising two liquefaction stages in the presence of hydrogen in a boiling-bed reactor containing a supported catalyst and integrating a hydrogen production stage generated by non-fossil sources that do not emit CO2. The hydrogen production stage comprises the gasification of biomass and/or the decomposition of water, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride or hydrogen sulfide by thermal, electrolytic, chemical or biological processes. The thus produced hydrogen is sent into at least one of the liquefaction stages.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of coal into fuel bases comprises two successive direct liquefaction stages in ebullated bed reactors followed by a fixed bed hydrocracking stage. This process can produce excellent quality fuel bases (kerosene and diesel).

Abstract: A process for direct hydroliquefaction of biomass selected from algae, lignocellulosic biomass and/or of one or more constituents of lignocellulosic biomass selected from the group comprising cellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin for producing fuel bases comprising two successive hydroconversion stages under high hydrogen pressure in ebullating bed reactors. Hydroconversion takes place in the presence of a supported catalyst of the type for hydroconversion of petroleum residue and a suspension composed of the biomass and a solvent, preferably a hydrogen donor solvent and preferably recycled from the process. The biomass can undergo a pretreatment of drying and/or roasting and/or grinding and/or demineralization prior to hydroliquefaction.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of treating feeds from renewable sources comprising a hydrotreatment stage comprising at least two catalytic zones in which the entry stream comprising said feed mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) is introduced into the first catalytic zone at a temperature comprised between 150 and 260° C., and the effluent from the first catalytic zone is then introduced, mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) and preheated, into the following catalytic zone or zones at a temperature comprised between 260 and 320° C.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of treating feeds from renewable sources comprising a hydrotreatment stage comprising at least two catalytic zones in which the entry stream comprising said feed mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) is introduced into the first catalytic zone at a temperature comprised between 150 and 260° C., and the effluent from the first catalytic zone is then introduced, mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) and preheated, into the following catalytic zone or zones at a temperature comprised between 260 and 320° C.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of treating feeds from renewable sources comprising: a hydrotreatment stage a) comprising at least two catalytic zones in which the entry stream comprising said feed mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) is introduced into the first catalytic zone at a temperature comprised between 150 and 260° C., and the effluent from the first catalytic zone is then introduced, mixed with at least a part of a hydrotreated liquid effluent from stage b) and preheated, into the following catalytic zone or zones at a temperature comprised between 260 and 320° C., a stage b) of separation of the effluent from the hydrotreatment stage a) permitting the separation of a gaseous effluent and of a hydrotreated liquid effluent of which at least a part is recycled upstream from each catalytic zone of stage a).

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aryllithium compounds by reaction of metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent with an aryl halide, wherein prior to or at the beginning of the reaction a catalyst is added, the catalyst containing a halogen-free, polynuclear aromatic (aryl catalyst) or consisting of such a compound.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aryllithium compounds by reaction of metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent with an aryl halide, wherein prior to or at the beginning of the reaction a catalyst is added, the catalyst containing a halogen-free, polynuclear aromatic (aryl catalyst) or consisting of such a compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkyl lithium compounds and aryl lithium compounds by reacting lithium metal with alkyl or aryl halogenides in a solvent, the concentration of the alkyl/aryl halogenide and the alkyl/aryl lithium compound being detected according to an in-line measurement in the reactor by means of IR spectroscopy, and an exact recognition of the end point of the dosing of the halogenide constituents being carried out by evaluation of the IR measurement. Said method enables an optimum reactive process and reaction yield. The identification of the respective concentration of the educt and the product is a reliable reactive process. The yield of the reaction is also optimised by determining the end point of the halogenide dosing, as is the purity of the product due to a lower concentration thereof during the reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing Alkyllithium compounds by reacting metallic lithium with an Alkyl halide in a solvent. The reaction is performed at a reduced pressure at the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aryllithium compounds by reaction of metallic lithium in an ether-containing solvent with an aryl halide, wherein prior to or at the beginning of the reaction a catalyst is added, the catalyst containing a halogen-free, polynuclear aromatic (aryl catalyst) or consisting of such a compound.