Abstract: A method and transponder in which at least one first line is formed by at least one first and at least one second antenna configured and operated in the manner of a backscatter, where the antennas are interconnected to one another such that, upon reception of a signal, the antennas scatter the signal back in the manner of a backscatter by a formed emission characteristic.

Abstract: A multi-channel radar method is provided for carrying out a transmission by at least two channels, in which at least one channel is provided with a frequency detuning by at least one respective switch for switching a signal amplitude and/or signal phase of the channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a switched mode power supply as an isolating transformer. According to said method, magnetic energy is stored in the core of a transformer during a storage stage via a primary coil that is connected to an intermediate circuit current and the stored magnetic energy is delivered to a load in a subsequent discharge phase, for the most part by means of a secondary coil, a small part of said magnetic energy being discharged on the primary side. The energy that is discharged on the primary side charges a capacitor in such a way that the capacitor current is always held above the secondary current multiplied by the transmittance ratio of the transformer.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for two serially connected semiconductor switches connected to a voltage supply is provided. Between the semiconductor switches a primary winding of a transformer is connected. A first diode is connected on an anode side to a potential of the voltage supply at a source terminal of the second semiconductor switch and on a cathode side to a first connection terminal facing the first semiconductor switch on the primary winding. A second diode is connected on the cathode side to the potential of the voltage supply at a drain terminal of the first semiconductor switch and on the anode side to a second connection terminal facing the second semiconductor switch on the primary winding. A first secondary winding of the transformer is provided, connected in series between the first diode and the first connection terminal, and a second secondary winding, connected in series between the second diode and the second connection terminal.

Abstract: In a process for operating an air-cooled mains supply unit for industrial application, temperatures influenced by outer heat sources and by heat sources arranged in the mains supply unit are measured by thermo-elements and reported to a control system. Temperatures measured by at least two thermo-elements arranged at different measurement points are reported to the control system, and the measured temperatures are compared with temperature patterns. The comparison with known temperature patterns makes it possible to sense the totality of the thermal conditions continuously and to derive therefrom ratings for the control system.

Abstract: An electrical connector element for connection of a conductor to a circuit board, having a housing, at least one clamp connector for the conductor and at least two connector pins for preferably soldered connection to the circuit board, is disclosed. The housing has at least one separating element made from insulating material, projecting from the lower side, facing away from the circuit board in the assembled position, at least partly arranged between the connector pins and extending through the circuit board in the assembled position, in order to permit the connector pins of the electrical connector element to be arranged closer together.

Abstract: An electrical connector element for connection of a conductor to a circuit board, having a housing, at least one clamp connector for the conductor and at least two connector pins for preferably soldered connection to the circuit board, is disclosed. The housing has at least one separating element made from insulating material, projecting from the lower side, facing away from the circuit board in the assembled position, at least partly arranged between the connector pins and extending through the circuit board in the assembled position, in order to permit the connector pins of the electrical connector element to be arranged closer together.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for two serially connected semiconductor switches connected to a voltage supply is provided. Between the semiconductor switches a primary winding of a transformer is connected. A first diode is connected on an anode side to a potential of the voltage supply at a source terminal of the second semiconductor switch and on a cathode side to a first connection terminal facing the first semiconductor switch on the primary winding. A second diode is connected on the cathode side to the potential of the voltage supply at a drain terminal of the first semiconductor switch and on the anode side to a second connection terminal facing the second semiconductor switch on the primary winding. A first secondary winding of the transformer is provided, connected in series between the first diode and the first connection terminal, and a second secondary winding, connected in series between the second diode and the second connection terminal.

Abstract: In a process for operating an air-cooled mains supply unit for industrial application, temperatures influenced by outer heat sources and by heat sources arranged in the mains supply unit are measured by thermo-elements and reported to a control system. Temperatures measured by at least two thermo-elements arranged at different measurement points are reported to the control system, and the measured temperatures are compared with temperature patterns. The comparison with known temperature patterns makes it possible to sense the totality of the thermal conditions continuously and to derive therefrom ratings for the control system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a switched mode power supply as an isolating transformer. According to said method, magnetic energy is stored in the core of a transformer during a storage stage via a primary coil that is connected to an intermediate circuit current and the stored magnetic energy is delivered to a load in a subsequent discharge phase, for the most part by means of a secondary coil, a small part of said magnetic energy being discharged on the primary side. The energy that is discharged on the primary side charges a capacitor in such a way that the capacitor current is always held above the secondary current multiplied by the transmittance ratio of the transformer.

Abstract: A device for covering the peak load of an electrical consumer (VB) that is connected to an alternating current terminal of a public electricity network (ENT). A power inverter (WR) is fed from a direct current accumulator (BAT) and is connected in parallel at the output thereof to the electricity supply (EB) of the consumer (VB). A measuring device (Z1, Z2) is connected in the connection circuit (EN) of the consumer and a control device (STE). With the aid of the measuring device (Z1, Z2), the control device monitors the energy consumption of the consumer (VB), estimates from it a consumption quantity of electrical energy (E*(T)) up to the end (T) of a given time interval, for example via linear extrapolation, and in the event that the prognosis value obtained in this way exceeds a given threshold value (Emax), puts the power inverter (WR) in operation in order to support the supply of the consumer.

Abstract: A device for covering the peak load of an electrical consumer (VB) that is connected to an alternating current terminal of a public electricity network (ENT). A power inverter (WR) is fed from a direct current accumulator (BAT) and is connected in parallel at the output thereof to the electricity supply (EB) of the consumer (VB). A measuring device (Z1, Z2) is connected in the connection circuit (EN) of the consumer and a control device (STE). With the aid of the measuring device (Z1, Z2), the control device monitors the energy consumption of the consumer (VB), estimates from it a consumption quantity of electrical energy (E*(T)) up to the end (T) of a given time interval, for example via linear extrapolation, and in the event that the prognosis value obtained in this way exceeds a given threshold value (Emax), puts the power inverter (WR) in operation in order to support the supply of the consumer.

Abstract: A voltage conversion circuit for the conversion of an input d.c. voltage into a three-phase a.c. voltage (UR, US, UT) in the mains frequency range having at least one inductor (L1, L2) and having multiple switches (S1, . . . , S9) controlled by a drive circuit (AST) in which a first converter section is provided (S1, D1, L1, S2) to produce positive output voltage portions and a second converter section (S3, L2) is provided to produce negative output voltage portions and the output of the first converter section is connected to the three phase outputs (R, S, T) via one each of first longitudinal phase circuit breakers (S4, S5, S6) and the output of the second converter section via one each of second longitudinal phase circuit breakers (S7, S8, S9).

Abstract: A voltage transformer for the conversion of an input d.c. voltage into a three-phase a.c. voltage (UR, US, UT) in the mains frequency range having at least one inductor (L1, L2) and having multiple switches (S1, . . . , S9) controlled by a drive circuit (AST) in which a first transformer element is provided (S1, D1, L1, S2) to produce positive output voltage portions and a second transformer element (S3, L2) is provided to produce negative output voltage portions and the output of the first transformer element is connected to the three phase outputs (R, S, T) via one each of first longitudinal phase circuit breakers (S4, S5, S6) and the output of the second transformer element via one each of second longitudinal phase circuit breakers (S7, S8, S9).

Abstract: A drive system having two hydrostatic gears (1, 2) driven by a common driving motor or by a plurality of driving motors having a fixed speed ratio, each having a pump (5, 6) and a hydraulic motor (7, 8) and in which the delivery or intake volume setting of the pumps (5, 6) and/or the hydraulic motors (7, 8) is performed by hydraulic servomechanisms (13, 14) of which the control pressures in the control pressure lines (23, 24) can be varied as desired either independently or together by means of pressure indicating valves (26) connected to each of the gears (1, 2) and supplied by an auxiliary source of pressure (9, 10) is arranged so that, at least on starting, the outputs of the gears (1, 2) are as nearly as possible equal.

Abstract: A control circuit for a reversible hydrostatic transmission including a reversible pump having first and second working lines, and a control member having forward and reverse positions to normally direct a working fluid through the first and second working lines respectively. A servo-motor has forward and reverse positions to hold the pump control member in either its forward or reverse positions, and a first subcircuit is provided to conduct a control fluid to the servo motor to hold that motor in either its first or second positions. This first subcircuit includes a pair of piston and cylinder units, with each of these units having a control pressure chamber and a working pressure chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a speed regulating device for a hydrostatic drive unit comprising a pump of variable feed volume and a motor in a hydraulic circuit, wherein the pump is driven by a drive motor of variable speed, and there is provided a regulating valve which controls the loading of a hydraulic adjustment device on the pump in dependence on the pressure differential in front of and behind an adjustable throttle arranged in the hydraulic circuit, in such a way that the feed volume is changed in inverse proportion to a speed change in the drive motor. It is the aim of the invention to produce a simple construction for the speed regulating device which can also be easily controlled in reverse operation and can be easily operated.