Abstract: A telecommunications system and method are disclosed for mapping a Transcoder/Rate Adaptor (TRAU) protocol onto a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) for use in an Internet Protocol (IP) based Base Station System (BSS) architecture. All in-band control bits in the TRAU protocol are not relevant when using the UDP protocol. Therefore, when speech information is mapped onto a UDP datagram for transfer to a Channel Codec Unit(CCU) in a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), some of the information normally transferred between a CCU and the TRAU can be removed. For example, a Time Alignment command included in some of frame types is not needed, and should be removed. In addition, bits relating to a frame structure, such as TRAU synchronization bits, tail bits and spare control bits, should be removed from all frame types. Furthermore, a new control bit that contains a sequence number must be added to handle reordering of a packet data stream.

Abstract: In a system and method of adapting an ECSD connection, interruption times and data loss due to a change in the modulation, coding scheme, and number of timeslots of the connection may be minimized or eliminated. The interruption times and data loss may be minimized or eliminated by allocating a peak number of substreams for a given mobile radio connection based on a user requested data rate and/or the number of timeslots used to realize the user requested data rate. Data loss may also be minimized or eliminated by using in-band signaling to signal a change in the modulation, coding scheme, and/or number of timeslots.

Abstract: A method for maintaining synchronization between a base transceiver station (BTS) and an interworking function (IWF) within a cellular communications network is disclosed. The method utilizes a synchronization procedure between the IWF and the BTS that makes the IWF aware of propagation delays between the IWF and BTS. The IWF utilizes this information to adapt to the delays such that the correct sequence is unpacked uplink when obtained from the base transceiver station. The IWF also uses synchronization data to control transmissions from the IWF to the BTS such that frame numbers and timeslots are received at the BTS in the correct sequence.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the level of fluid in a container by the use of measuring electrodes forming a measuring condenser, and compensation electrodes forming a compensation condenser by which the effect of various dielectric constants of the medium upon the measuring result can be compensated in an evaluation circuit, wherein the measuring electrodes and compensation electrodes are arranged on an oblong common line in such a manner that the compensation electrodes are located near at least one suction channel for the medium and the measuring electrodes are near the medium to be measured.

Abstract: A capacitive sensing element for use in a liquid level measuring apparatus, wherein the capacitive sensing element is the oscillation determining element of an oscillator, the sensing element including a plurality of elongate electrodes embedded in an insulating material, and wherein calibration of the sensing element for different containers is obtained by piercing the element and electrodes to provide electrodes of different lengths.

Abstract: A device for continuously measuring the liquid level in a container, wherein a capacitive sensor is disposed in the liquid to be measured and is connected with an oscillator as the frequency controlling element thereof, the output of the oscillator being connected with a suitable indicator or control, and wherein the capacitive sensor is formed of an elongate flexible strip of insulating material having opposite faces, with a plurality of elongate conductive elements embedded in the strip of material spaced approximately equidistantly from the opposite faces so that an electric field generated between the conductive elements can be substantially equally acted upon simultaneously on both sides of the device by the liquid to be measured, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the sensing element, and enabling linear gauge characteristics to be obtained in irregularly shaped containers.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of and the prevention or substantial reduction of fogging in the use of photographic silver halide emulsions, characterized in that compounds selected from the group consisting of those represented by the general formulas I, II, and III: ##STR1## are added to the emulsion, before or during chemical sensitization and before coating of the emulsions onto a support therefor, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as herein described.

Abstract: An improved photographic silver-halide emulsion containing a sensitizer additive which is an asymmetrical disulfide of the formula(W).sub.a (X).sub.b A--S--S--B(Y).sub.c (Z).sub.dwherein:A and B are each aryl, alkyl or aralkyl radicals,X and Y are each carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl groups,W and Z are each amino groups which may be alkylated or acylated,a, b, c, d are each 0 to 3 anda + d .gtoreq. 1 and b + c .gtoreq. 1.

Abstract: Method for increasing the sensitivity of a photographic silver halide-gelatin emulsion comprising at the beginning of the chemical ripening adding to the emulsion of a dithioester of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl, .alpha.-hydroxyaralkyl, condensed aryl, or o- or p-substituted phenyl or .alpha.-naphthyl, the o- or p- located substituent being a F, OH, dialkylamino, sulfo, phenyl, phenylazo or anilidocarbonyl group and R.sub.1 is alkyl or aralkyl.