Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the protection of a diaphragm during the generation of electron-beam pulses by means of alternately deflecting the electron beam onto the diaphragm and onto a processing site.In order to prevent damage to the diaphragm from the thermal effect of the electron beam, the electron beam is distributed with respect to space and/or time over an enlarged striking surface.

Abstract: In an electron beam machine for e.g. beam welding, the beam current I.sub.em is stabilized by negative feedback applied to the grid of the electron gun. The optimum cathode heating current is ascertained by causing the cathode heating current I.sub.H to decrease steadily from a maximum value. The beam current is kept constant by the feedback, which adjusts the grid voltage U.sub.W to offset the decrease in cathode temperature caused by the decreasing heating current; the rate of change of the grid voltage U.sub.W is monitored, and when this rate of change exceeds a threshold, the decrease in heating current is arrested, and the heating current is maintained at the thus established optimal value or preferably set at a slightly higher value, which secures an extended length of life of the cathode. This setting of the cathode heating current is repeated after a predetermined interval of time to establish a new value in response to a change of the condition of the cathode.

Abstract: A device for compensating for spurious magnetic fields in an energy beam device includes first and second pairs of electromagnetic poles arranged along the particle path and providing magnetic fields to compensate for spurious magnetic fields which might cause the beam of charged particles to deviate from the desired beam path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for charged particle beam welding is provided with a beam deflection mechanism adjacent the surface of the workpiece. The beam deflection mechanism permits the use of a welding shoe for retaining a pool of molten material adjacent the point of welding.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the control of the filler material supply rate in energy beam welding as electron beam welding is disclosed. The width or cross-sectional area of a gap defined by opposed faces of two workpiece parts to be joined is measured by radiation, preferably X-ray radiation, and the rate with which filler material is supplied into a welding zone produced by the energy beam is controlled in proportion to the result of the measurement. The measurement may be made in advance of the welding zone and the control is then delayed by a period of time, which the welding zone takes to arrive at the position of the gap, where the measurement was made.

Abstract: An account is given of a welding pool support device for energy beam welding, with a metal structure, which on a beam outlet side of a welding seam zone of a workpiece system is put against the beam outlet side and being in contact with it by a number of touching points for stopping any movement of melt out of the welding zone, which is achieved by the energy beam in the workpiece system, by a relative movement of the energy beam and the workpiece system, the former going along the weld seam zone. A supporting structure, which is able to be so changed in shape that it takes into account uneven parts of the beam outlet side of the workpiece system in the long direction and also in the cross-direction of the weld seam zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for seam welding by means of a charged particle beam is disclosed, wherein any misalignment of the beam with respect to the gap between opposed surfaces of two workpiece parts to be joined is compensated for by a double deflection of the beam. The position of the beam in respect to the gap is determined at two locations spaced in the direction of propagation of the beam, and the deflection in two spaced deflection zones is controlled in response to the result of such determination so that the deflected beam--which may oscillate transversely to the longitudinal direction of the gap--is aligned to the gap and a sound weld seam is produced.

Abstract: A deep penetration weld join is produced in an energy beam welding method where the energy beam, as for example, an electron beam, is directed into the join to produce a welding zone containing molten material, and moved along the join relative to the parts of the work. Additional material is introduced into the welding zone to fill a gap and/or to influence the metallurgical composition of the weld zone. By introducing the material into the melt at an acute angle to the beam axis and at a point spaced alongside the beam axis, the additive material penetrates deeply into the molten material. The additive material may be preheated prior to its introduction to the welding zone.

Abstract: In an energy beam welding method, as an electron beam welding method, wherein an elongated body or wire of filler material is introduced in a welding zone produced by the beam and comprising fused material, the filler material body is used to act on the fused material to prevent it from flowing out of the welding zone, which would cause voids and other defects of the seam produced. The method is particularly useful in welding thick workpieces as sheet metal plates with thicknesses of one to two inches and more.

Abstract: A beam splitter for electron beam machines with a beam splitter grid which is to be set crossways to the beam and which has a row of cross-pieces running next to one another with uniform spaces for shading the portions of beam striking it, where the cross-piece materials is replaceable in operation by cross-piece material not already acted on by the beam.

Abstract: A device for producing work-pieces, in particular foil blanks perforated by means of electron beams, for example for shoe upper parts, with an electron beam work chamber which can be evacuated, input and output appliances placed outside the work chamber for the input of unperforated work-pieces or the output of perforated work-pieces, and a transport appliance with a transport track extending between the input and output appliance and the work chamber across air locks for the controlled transport of work-piece carriers, to which the work-pieces can be applied in predetermined positions, wherein in a given work area within the work chamber a work-piece carrier which forms an element of a series of work-piece carriers lying in the transport track can be moved in at least one work track lying outside the positions of the adjacent work-pieces in the series, relative to a beam source that the work-piece can be perforated at several points by means of the beam source.