Abstract: A method of protecting programs and data in computers against unauthorized access and modifications employs a programmable hardware circuit to monitor memory regions of a computer. The memory regions are divided into different access levels, and the circuit is programmed to permit access only to predetermined regions. If an unauthorized access is attempted by a program, an address corresponding to the program location initiating the unauthorized access is detected and the program is stopped. This ensures that the procedures for protecting the operating system cannot be circumvented to gain unauthorized access to data of any type. After programming of the circuit is completed, the programming cannot be changed except by actuation of a hardware switch or by re-starting the computer. Removal of the circuit will cause short circuits, thus making it impossible to shut the circuit off without being detected.

Abstract: A method for real video time size selection for objects represented as video images which are to be filtered out so as to be classified as to their shape, including the steps of: recording the video image with a scanning recording beam; digitalizing the video image; providing at least one selected mask representing a selected object image shape; examining the digitalized image, pixel by pixel, with the selected mask while displacing the selected mask over the video image in synchronism with the recording beam; and, upon the occurrence of a given degree of coincidence between a selected section of the image and the selected mask, indicating detection of the object as such.

Abstract: An electronic camera combined with processing circuitry for observing the movement of particles in a sedimentation cell or the like, tracking movement of selected particles, and determining their velocity and/or velocity distribution. The electronic circuit includes an electronic masking circuit for enabling the selection and tracking of individual particles in the image received by the camera.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the velocity of an object in a given direction without contacting the object, by: directing coherent radiation to the object in a direction substantially perpendicular to the given direction to cause radiation to be scattered from the object to produce a speckle pattern exhibiting a speckle spectrum, the speckle pattern at a location spaced from the object having a time dependency which is a function of movement of the object, detecting the speckle pattern intensity at the location spaced from the object, producing a first signal representative of the detected speckle intensity, and producing, from the first signal, a time-dependent intensity signal having a value which is weighted as a function of the frequency of the first signal.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic diagnosis device composed of ultrasonic optical elements arranged to be disposed in a mass of fluid in a container together with the object to be examined in order to image the object in an image plane, a source of incoherent sound radiation for irradiating the object, a condenser lens, an imaging objective and an acoustic energy detector system, the incoherent sound radiation source is composed of a turbulence chamber containing a plurality of particles arranged to move essentially randomly relative to one another, and at least one ultrasonic transmitter for irradiating the particles in the turbulence chamber with coherent ultrasound; the imaging objective is composed of at least two individual lenses of homogeneous material which are arranged in symmetry to one another and each having lens face which faces the other lens and which has an aspherical shape; and the detector system is composed of a linear array of detectors for converting the resulting ultrasound image of the object into elect

Abstract: For measuring the speed of movement of one phase in another, and particularly the rate of sedimentation of corpuscles in blood plasma, a container is filled with a blood sample, a light beam is directed through the container and an image of a vertical plane in the container traversed by the beam is formed in a measuring plane, the light intensity at two vertically spaced regions of the measuring plane is measured, the container is moved until a certain light intensity relationship exists between the two regions, indicating that the image of the boundary of the one phase in the other phase is located between the regions, and after a selected time interval the container is raised until the same light intensity relationship is established between the two regions and the distance through which the container has been raised is indicated.

Abstract: For enabling a quasimonochromatic high intensity light beam to be produced by a source having a lamp equipped with a cold light mirror, a heat protection filter in the light beam path and a system for cooling the heat protection filter, the source is further provided with an interference filter and projection optics located in the beam path downstream of the heat protection filter, and the interference filter is disposed in the optics.