Abstract: There are provided improved processes for the manufacture of enriched pitches, carbon fiber precursors, carbon fibers, and graphite fibers. The improvement comprises employing an elevated wiped-film evaporator in a wiped-film evaporator system comprising the wiped-film evaporator and a means for recovering enriched pitch, such as a positive displacement pump, to form an enriched pitch from catalytic pitch and regulating the operating conditions of the wiped-film evaporator system to provide the desired enriched pitch. The wiped-film evaporator is located a specific distance above the means for recovering enriched pitch. The vertical distance between the outlet of the wiped-film evaporator and the inlet of the means for recovering enriched pitch is within the range of about 10 feet to about 40 feet, preferably about 20 feet to about 40 feet.

Abstract: A universal shoe holder having a detachable mounting member for securing the holder to a work surface, and a supporting member which supports the shoe holding mechanism perpendicular to the mounting member. The shoe holding mechanism consists of a holding member fastened to the support member, and a heel support member which is pivotally attached thereto. A tightening mechanism is provided which exerts pressure on the heel support member and the holding member, allowing the shoe holder to securely hold various styles and sizes of shoes during repair and polishing procedures. An adjusting mechanism is included to allow the shoe holder to be adjusted to fit different sizes of shoes.