Abstract: A microwave electromagnetic logging tool for use in the determination of the dip of subsurface earth formations includes a continuous source of microwave energy, three microwave antennas positioned from the longitudinal axis of the logging tool and spaced approximately equally around such axis, and a device for measuring the loading effect on the three antennas as the three antennas continuously transmit microwave energy into the formations during movement of the logging tool through the borehole.

Abstract: A borehole logging tool includes three microwave antennas positioned from the longitudinal axis of the tool and spaced approximately equally around the axis. Microwave energy from a pulsed source is applied to the antennas during a plurality of microwave transmission periods. During a plurality of microwave reception periods, the amplitudes and the phases of the microwave energies received by the three antennas are measured for use in the determination of the dip of the formations surrounding the borehole.

Abstract: A method and system are described for determining the dip of subsurface formations penetrated by a borehole. The well is logged using a borehole tool that has at least three antennas spaced approximately equally around the borehole tool for transmitting electromagnetic energy into the earth and receiving electromagnetic energy therefrom. Each antenna array contains a single transmitting antenna and a single receiving antenna. Individual signals are generated representative of the characteristics of the electromagnetic energy detected by each individual receiving antenna. These signals are then compared one to the other to determine the dip of the subsurface formations penetrated by the borehole.