Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: In order to evaluate the welding current for the resistance seam welding of an overlap seam of container bodies, a welding with changing welding current intensity is carried out for a container body of the production series, resulting in a changing welding of the seam, ranging from the welding with a too high temperature to the welding with a too low temperature. The electric energy for this welding is determined several times during this welding and/or the temperature of the weld seam is determined several times and the welding current intensity is determined at which the welding of the individual container body is too cold and the welding current intensity at which the welding is too hot. This determination is based on the determined electric energy values and/or on the determined temperature values and based on this determination a preferred range for the welding current intensity within these limits of too hot and too cold is determined.

Abstract: In order to evaluate the welding current for the resistance seam welding of an overlap seam of container bodies, a welding with changing welding current intensity is carried out for a container body of the production series, resulting in a changing welding of the seam, ranging from the welding with a too high temperature to the welding with a too low temperature. The electric energy for this welding is determined several times during this welding and/or the temperature of the weld seam is determined several times and the welding current intensity is determined at which the welding of the individual container body is too cold and the welding current intensity at which the welding is too hot. This determination is based on the determined electric energy values and/or on the determined temperature values and based on this determination a preferred range for the welding current intensity within these limits of too hot and too cold is determined.

Abstract: In the field of manufacturing container bodies by means of resistance seam welding machines, at least a disturbance variable is collected, particularly errors in cutting the metal sheet. Because of this collection of disturbance variables, at least a control variable is automatically changed in order to compensate or to diminish the influence of the disturbance variable on the welding seam quality.

Abstract: The operating temperature of a gas sensor capable of sensing a gas or a gas composition at a high temperature, for example 1000° C. is maintained constant over the entire volume of a gas sensor layer or function layer (4) secured to a sensor carrier section of the gas sensor by supplying heat to the gas sensor layer (4) in such a way that varying heat dissipations in the sensor carrier section are compensated. For this purpose, an electrical heater for heating the gas sensor layer (4) has individual heater sections with different heating resistance values which depend on a spacing between any individual heater section and the tip of the sensor carrier section.

Abstract: For heat conditioning flat panel glass substrates the substrates are directly exposed in vacuum to the radiation of lamps, the lamps being selected so that their spectral radiation characteristics (b, c) fit with the absorption characteristics (a) of the glass of the substrate.

Abstract: What is described is a circuit for measuring the effective voltage drop at the welding position (30) between the welding electrodes (14,16) of a resistance seam welding machine. A first measuring loop (40) for measuring a first loop voltage is secured to the lower welding arm (28) close to the lower welding electrode (16) and is in communication with the upper welding electrode (14) through a sliding contact (44). The second measuring loop (60) is taken close to the welding electrodes (14,16) through the head portion of the Z-rail (12). The conductor turns (42,62) of both measuring loops, which lead to an evaluation circuit (48), are twisted together. Thus the stray effects picked up in the two measuring loops are the same. The difference between the two loop voltages formed in the evaluation circuit (48) is the effective voltage drop which is further processed in the usual manner to monitor the quality of the welding seam produced.

Abstract: A resistance seam welding machine is described, particularly for the longitudinal seam welding of can bodies, wherein, in the secondary loop (16), feed and return lines are constructed partially as a double line (18, 28) and in all the remaining portion (18a, 18b, 18c, 20, 24, 26) in the form of a substantially coaxial line. The voltage loss occurring in the secondary loop (16) between welding transformer (14) and welding position (8, 10) and the heat due to energy losses in the machine parts adjacent to the secondary loop are considerably reduced as a result of this construction of the feed return lines.