Abstract: The aliphatic primary alcohols are reacted with a glycose, more especially glucose, in the presence of an acidic catalyst in certain process steps so that particularly light-colored and alkali-stable alkyl glucosides are obtained after a subsequent, compulsory bleaching step, which represents an improvement over known direct synthesis processes. The process may be carried out both on a laboratory scale and also on an industrial production scale.

Abstract: Alkyl glycosides are produced by direct synthesis from higher monofunctional alcohols and powder-form glycoses, particularly anhydrous glucose and/or glucose monohydrate, in the presence of acidic catalysts at elevated temperatures, the interior of the reactor being kept under reduced pressure and the glycose being introduced with delay into the alcohol reactants present in excess therein, the alcohol reactants containing the acidic catalyst and being heated to the reaction temperature, while water released in the reaction mixture is removed from the reaction zone via the gas phase. A partial stream is run off from the liquid reaction mixture and delivered to a premixing zone into which the powder-form reactant is simultaneously introduced and is converted with the liquid partial stream into a paste which is delivered to the interior of the reactor via a following intensive mixer.

Abstract: The crude reaction products from the synthesis of alkyl glycosides are bleached by kneading the material substantially freed from the excess fatty alcohol and containing at most limited quantities of water with an oxidizing agent at such elevated temperatures that the reaction mixture lends itself to plastic processing. Temperatures of from about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. are particularly suitable, although it is best to apply temperatures in the range from about 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent. Bleaching is carried out under basic conditions, optionally by addition of an alkaline compound, such as for example 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The bleached product accumulates in the form of a solid. It is preferably mixed with typical compatible solids, more particularly typical constituents of detergents and cleaning preparations, to form a solid and preferably free-flowing alkyl glycoside compound.

Abstract: A process for the production of surface-active alkyl glycosides which is carried out by the transacetalization method with butanol, leads to a new alkyl glycoside as end product which is characterized by high color-stability in alkaline medium; besides a high proportion of alkyl monoglycoside, the product also contains polyglycoside on polyglycose and butyl glucoside.

Abstract: A process for the production of a surfactant mixture for use in enhanced oil recovery wherein the surfactant mixture comprises an alkyl ether sulfonic acid or salt thereof as a principal constituent and at most a substantially equal quantity of alkoxylated alcohol. The surfactant mixture is prepared by reacting an alkyl ether sulfate with a stoichiometric excess of an alkali metal sulfite solution at about 160.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. under mildly alkaline pH conditions, and then extracting sulfate salt therefrom using a substantially water-insoluble alcohol at a lowered temperature.

Abstract: The description is of a process for the production of light-colored lower alkane sulfonic acids, especially methane sulphonic acid, by reacting the corresponding alkyl halide with alkaline halides and obtaining the free alkane sulphonic acid. In the process of the invention, the reaction is performed as a liquid/liquid reaction at temperature not exceeding 120 degrees C., and at such high pressures that even the lower alkyl halide is in the liquid phase at the reaction temperature, the aqueous reaction mixture is reduced by water content of some 50% wt. at the most, the alkaline sulphonic acid is liberated from its alkaline salt by the addition of HCl, the solid salt phase still remaining in the reaction mixture is separated out and the free alkaline sulphonic acid is obtained from the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkali metal salts of ether-carboxylic acids by oxidation of etheralcohols in an aqueous phase with oxygen or gases containing oxygen at elevated temperatures in the presence of alkali metal hydroxides and noble metal catalysts, in which an aqueous solution, containing an alkali metal hydroxide solution, of the ether-alcohols is brought into contact in a thin layer on a solid carrier or in the form of fine particles with oxygen or the gases containing oxygen as a continuous phase, the concentration of the ether-alcohols in the aqueous phase being in the range from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous phase, enables aqueous solutions of the alkali metal salts of the ether-carboxylic acids in high concentrations to be prepared.

Abstract: A process for the production of a solid metal soap of the formulaM(R--COO)(R"--COO)in which M is at least one metal from the group of Ca, Mg, Cd, Ba, Zn, and Pb; and R and R' are C.sub.8 -C.sub.34 hydrocarbon radicals, by direct synthesis from at least one fatty acid with metal oxides and/or metal hydroxides which comprises maintaining a reaction zone containing a liquid phase comprising fatty acid under reduced pressure, passing a portion of the liquid phase to an external premixing zone, introducing a solid metal oxide and/or metal hydroxide into the liquid phase in the premixing zone, passing the mixture to the reaction zone through an intensive mixing zone, and continuously removing water of neutralization formed by the reaction.

Abstract: Surface active alkylglucosides are prepared in a 2-step process from starch or starch degradation products such as polyglucose or glucose syrup, the first step consisting of reaction with a short chained alcohol, particularly butanol, while the second step comprises transacetalization with the longer chained C.sub.8-22, more particularly C.sub.12-18, alcohol, with fatty alcohols of natural origin preferably being used.

Abstract: Substituted diphenols, phenyl ethers containing two oxygen atoms attached to a benzene nucleus, and naphthols are more practically effective than previously known additives in stabilizing tin (II) salts, in electrolyte solutions useful for coloring anodized aluminum by electrolysis therein, against oxidation to tin(IV) by reaction with ambient oxygen. Preferred additives include 2-tert-butyl-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, methylhydroquinone, trimethylhydroquinone, 4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid, and p-hydroxyanisole. If p-toluenesulfonic acid or napthalene sulfonic acid are also used in the electrolyte, the throwing power can be greatly improved.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for chlorination and sulfochlorination of liquid or dissolved organic components, wherein the gases are intensively mixed with the liquid organics until substantially no gases remain unmixed, and the mixture is then reacted.

Abstract: A process for reacting nitroparaffins with formaldehyde in the presence of potassium hydroxide by aldol condensation which can be carried out continuously or discontinuously and on a large scale. This is achieved by mixing the nitroparaffin, aqueous aldehyde solution and potassium hydroxide in the absence of organic solvents and carrying out the reaction while maintaining the temperature between -5.degree. and +20.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention seeks to improve the preheating resistance and high temperature resistance during vulcanization of a cement for the vulcanization of rubber onto metals. Such cements conventionally contain metal-binding polymers, dinitrosobenzene, organic solvents and, optionally, other components, such as acid-binding agents and reinforcing fillers. The goals of the invention are achieved by partial replacement of the usual metal-binding polymers by substituted aromatic compounds bearing two or more substituent groups having the formula --CH.sub.2 Br.

Abstract: A process for working up water-soluble cellulose derivatives, more especially with flocculation points above 85.degree. C., after removal by condensation of readily volatile constituents of the crude product mixture resulting from an etherification reaction, by suspension of the crude product in hot water and subsequent separation of the suspension and washing liquids, wherein the separation of the suspension and washing liquids is carried out at elevated temperature and under pressure applied to the separator as a whole.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of geminate bromo-nitro-alcohols by the bromination of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts of nitroalcohols in aqueous solution, while cooling the reaction mixture so that the maximum reaction temperature does not exceed 30.degree. C. In carrying out the reaction, the aqueous solution of nitroalcohol salt is added to a mixture of bromine and aqueous hydrobromic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of selected carboxylic acid esters which are liquid under reaction conditions and correspond to general formula (I)X--COOR.sup.1 (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical unbranched in the .alpha.-position and X is hydrogen or a group corresponding to general formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent fluorine and/or chlorine and one of these substituents may also be hydrogen or one or two of these substituents may also be lower alkyl, as reaction medium for the sulfonation and/or sulfatization or organic components with SO.sub.3 to light-colored reaction products.

Abstract: Process and means for purifying cellulose ethers without flocculation points or with relatively high flocculation points (up to 95.degree. C.) and thermoplastic, i.e. highly propoxylated, products made from cellulose in any form, the crude product is first suspended and the suspension liquid subsequently separated in a reverse filter centrifuge a single-stage or multistage wash can be carried out. The filter cake is discharged by reversal of the filter cloth of the centrifuge.

Abstract: The development of sludge in phosphating baths is prevented by continuously diverting a partial volume of the baths into a separate device comprising three open chambers: an oxidation chamber where the solution is treated with an O.sub.2 -containing gas to oxidize the iron (II) of the solution of iron (III), which precipitates as phosphate; a conditioning chamber in which the iron (iii) phosphate precipitate formed in the oxidation chamber is agglomerated into a readily sedimented form; and a sedimentation chamber in which the sediment formed in the conditioning chamber is separated from the remaining liquid phosphating solution. This solution is then replenished with phosphate layer-forming components, and the replenished solution is subsequently recycled to the phosphating bath.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation and purification of cellulose ethers and other cellulose derivatives in a filter unit at relatively high temperatures and with narrow-mesh filters, employing a pressure vessel having candle filters to which pressure is introduced for separation of the suspension liquid, for the removal of residual liquid from the filter cake formed, and also for washing the filter cake.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering a cellulose ether from a cellulose ether suspension in which the cellulose ether is recovered as a filter cake from a pressure filtration, particularly using a rotary pressure filter. Clogging of the separation or filtration device is avoided, providing for a long useful life. A multi-layer wire mesh filter medium is employed, formed of mesh layers of different wire thicknesses and/or mesh size. After removal of the filter cake, the filter medium is cleaned with steam, compressed air or pressurized water.