Abstract: A welding apparatus can comprise an electrode holder configured to removably receive a consumable electrode and an actuator configured to move the electrode holder. The apparatus can comprise a base and an arm having first and second ends, where the first end is coupled to the arm such that the arm extends in a first direction that is angularly disposed relative to the base. The base can be configured to be placed relative to a workpiece such that the second end of the arm is disposed further from the workpiece than is the first end and the electrode, when received by the electrode holder, extends from the electrode holder toward the workpiece. A controller can be configured to adjust a rate at which the actuator moves the electrode holder relative to the arm, optionally based at least in part on an arc voltage measured across the electrode and the workpiece.

Abstract: A welding apparatus can comprise an electrode holder configured to removably receive a consumable electrode and an actuator configured to move the electrode holder. The apparatus can comprise a base and an arm having first and second ends, where the first end is coupled to the arm such that the arm extends in a first direction that is angularly disposed relative to the base. The base can be configured to be placed relative to a workpiece such that the second end of the arm is disposed further from the workpiece than is the first end and the electrode, when received by the electrode holder, extends from the electrode holder toward the workpiece. A controller can be configured to adjust a rate at which the actuator moves the electrode holder relative to the arm, optionally based at least in part on an arc voltage measured across the electrode and the workpiece.

Abstract: An automatic corrosion measurement system and method enables rapid measurement and evaluation of corrosion on significant portions of straight and curved pipe sections and other surfaces from several square inches to several square feet, using a laser instrument which projects laser light across a scan area which includes corrosion, and detects reflected laser light therefrom. A positioning mechanism advances the laser instrument along the surface to permit evaluation of a large area, and a processor controls both the operation of the laser instrument and positioning mechanism. Automatic processing by the processor converts surface condition signals into readily usable output in the form of displays, printouts or maps, for immediate use.

Abstract: A system or method of detecting hidden insects by the measurement of CO.sub.2 respired is described. The system consists of a series of valves, pressure regulator, gauges, and an infrared analyzer. After purging the system is sealed and the CO.sub.2 allowed to build up. The CO.sub.2 then moves through the infrared gas analyzer as a bolus and the detection is thus achieved.

Abstract: A substituted benzene compound of the following formula was found to protect an insect pheromone against ultraviolet (UV) radiation degradation ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or alkoxy group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is H or phenyl group, R.sub.3 is H, CN, or methylcarboxy group, R.sub.4 is alkyl group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms of straight chain or 2 to 6 carbon atoms with .beta.-substitution of alkyl or alkoxy group of 1 to 2 carbon atoms or .alpha.- and .beta.-OH substitutions. The UV absorbing compounds of the preceding formula significantly extended the biological activity and quality of the pheromone while at the same time remaining nontoxic to the insect and nondestructive of the environment.

Abstract: A substituted benzene compound of the following formula was found to protect an insect pheromone against ultraviolet (UV) radiation degradation ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or alkoxy group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is H, sulphonic acid or its sodium salt, R.sub.3 is H, OH, and R.sub.4 is H, OH, or methoxy group. The UV absorbing compounds of the preceding formula significantly extended the biological activity and quality of the pheromone while at the same time remaining nontoxic to the insect and nondestructive of the environment.