Abstract: This disclosures relates to methods of preventing or reducing antigenic drift, viral reassortment and symptoms of wild-type and mutant influenza viruses in a host animal by determining if a host animal has been exposed to or infected by an avian influenza virus, and administering to the exposed host animal ?-interferon.

Abstract: A combined electrical power and hydrogen energy infrastructure includes a superconducting electrical transmission line. One or more fluid paths are adapted to cool one or more superconductors of the electrical transmission line to a superconducting operating condition and to deliver hydrogen in a liquid state. The combined electrical power and hydrogen energy infrastructure also includes a supply apparatus to pump hydrogen into the one or more paths and to cool and pressurize the hydrogen to maintain the hydrogen in a liquid state. A distribution apparatus is operatively coupled to the one or more fluid paths at a different location along or at an end of the electrical transmission line to draw off the hydrogen for distribution of the hydrogen for use as a hydrogen fuel. An electrical transmission line and a method for supplying a fluid via an electrical transmission line are also described.

Abstract: An electrical circuit to interrupt a DC current includes a bypass switch and an AC high voltage breaker which includes interrupters that are rated for carrying a current having a value of the DC current for a period of time less than or equal to continuous duty. The first interrupter is electrically coupled in parallel with the bypass switch. A making switch causes a cancellation current to flow from an energy source through the second interrupter, and through the first interrupter, in addition to the DC current. The AC high voltage breaker is adapted to a DC service as the DC current in addition to the cancellation current causes an arc quench which allows the AC high voltage breaker to cause the interruption of the DC current in the electrical circuit. A method for interrupting a DC current flowing in an AC high voltage circuit breaker is also described.

Abstract: This disclosures relates to methods of preventing or reducing antigenic drift, viral reassortment and symptoms of wild-type and mutant influenza viruses in a host animal by determining if a host animal has been exposed to or infected by an avian influenza virus, and administering to the exposed host animal ?-interferon.

Abstract: A combined electrical power and hydrogen energy infrastructure includes a superconducting electrical transmission line. One or more fluid paths are adapted to cool one or more superconductors of the electrical transmission line to a superconducting operating condition and to deliver hydrogen in a liquid state. The combined electrical power and hydrogen energy infrastructure also includes a supply apparatus to pump hydrogen into the one or more paths and to cool and pressurize the hydrogen to maintain the hydrogen in a liquid state. A distribution apparatus is operatively coupled to the one or more fluid paths at a different location along or at an end of the electrical transmission line to draw off the hydrogen for distribution of the hydrogen for use as a hydrogen fuel. An electrical transmission line and a method for supplying a fluid via an electrical transmission line are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to our discovery of a novel double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) having specific biological activities, which includes acting as a selective agonist for activation of the Toll-like receptor 3. Its “rugged” molecular structure as measured by physico-chemical techniques is resistant to molecular unfolding (i.e., denaturation). This structure appears to be responsible for increased efficacy of dsRNA in therapeutic applications and improved biological activity (e.g., used as an immunoregulatory agent). Medicaments, processes for their manufacture, and methods for their use are provided herein.

Abstract: A DC superconducting coaxial transmission system provides electrical transmission of 5,000 megawatts of energy while simultaneously delivering liquid hydrogen. The transmission system includes a coaxial transmission segment including an inner superconductor, an outer superconductor disposed in surrounding relation to the inner conductor, and a dielectric insulator disposed between the inner superconductor and the outer superconductor. Liquid hydrogen surrounds the superconductors. Three phase transformers and poly phase rectifier/inverters provide a DC voltage source to the superconductors from the electrical grid. In one embodiment, a switching circuit connected between the voltage source and the superconductor injects a cancellation current component into the direct current flow.

Abstract: Vaccine protection against acute or chronic viral infection is facilitated by using as an adjuvant or immuno-stimulant, a dsRNA together with an anti-influenza vaccine.

Abstract: An electrical circuit to interrupt a DC current includes a bypass switch and an AC high voltage breaker which includes interrupters that are rated for carrying a current having a value of the DC current for a period of time less than or equal to continuous duty. The first interrupter is electrically coupled in parallel with the bypass switch. A making switch causes a cancellation current to flow from an energy source through the second interrupter, and through the first interrupter, in addition to the DC current. The AC high voltage breaker is adapted to a DC service as the DC current in addition to the cancellation current causes an arc quench which allows the AC high voltage breaker to cause the interruption of the DC current in the electrical circuit. A method for interrupting a DC current flowing in an AC high voltage circuit breaker is also described.

Abstract: A novel form of Rugged dsRNA with a unique composition and physical characteristics was identified with high specificity of binding to TLR3, which conveys an important range of therapeutic opportunities. Unlike the previous known antiviral Ampligen® (poly I, poly C12,U) the new and improved form (poly I, poly C30,U) has a reduced tendency to form branched dsRNA which results in increased bioactivity due to an increased ability to bind TLR3 receptor. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the new nucleic acid as active ingredients and methods of treatment are also provided. The invention also provides a description of the physicochemical properties of this novel form of Rugged dsRNA and a method for its preparation in substantially pure form. DsRNAs acting thru TLR3 receptor activation are potent antiviral compounds as well as anticancer agents; also through secondary immunomodulation they can enhance the bioactivity of vaccines and also treat autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: A DC superconducting coaxial transmission system provides electrical transmission of 5,000 megawatts of energy while simultaneously delivering liquid hydrogen. The transmission system includes a coaxial transmission segment including an inner superconductor, an outer superconductor disposed in surrounding relation to the inner conductor, and a dielectric insulator disposed between the inner superconductor and the outer superconductor. Liquid hydrogen surrounds the superconductors. Three phase transformers and poly phase rectifier/inverters provide a DC voltage source to the superconductors from the electrical grid. In one embodiment, a switching circuit connected between the voltage source and the superconductor injects a cancellation current component into the direct current flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to our discovery of a novel double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) having specific biological activities, which includes acting as a selective agonist for activation of the Toll-like receptor 3. Its “rugged” molecular structure as measured by physico-chemical techniques is resistant to molecular unfolding (i.e., denaturation). This structure appears to be responsible for increased efficacy of dsRNA in therapeutic applications and improved biological activity (e.g., used as an immunoregulatory agent). Medicaments, processes for their manufacture, and methods for their use are provided herein.

Abstract: A DC superconducting coaxial transmission system provides electrical transmission of 5,000 megawatts of energy while simultaneously delivering liquid hydrogen. The transmission system includes a coaxial transmission segment including an inner superconductor, an outer superconductor disposed in surrounding relation to the inner conductor, and a dielectric insulator disposed between the inner superconductor and the outer superconductor. Liquid hydrogen surrounds the superconductors. Three phase transformers and poly phase rectifier/inverters provide a DC voltage source to the superconductors from the electrical grid. In one embodiment, a switching circuit connected between the voltage source and the superconductor injects a cancellation current component into the direct current flow.

Abstract: A novel form of Rugged dsRNA with a unique composition and physical characteristics was identified with high specificity of binding to TLR3, which conveys an important range of therapeutic opportunities. Unlike the previous known antiviral Ampligen® (poly I, poly C12,U) the new and improved form (poly I, poly C30,U) has a reduced tendency to form branched dsRNA which results in increased bioactivity due to an increased ability to bind TLR3 receptor. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the new nucleic acid as active ingredients and methods of treatment are also provided. The invention also provides a description of the physicochemical properties of this novel form of Rugged dsRNA and a method for its preparation in substantially pure form. DsRNAs acting thru TLR3 receptor activation are potent antiviral compounds as well as anticancer agents; also through secondary immunomodulation they can enhance the bioactivity of vaccines and also treat autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: A novel form of Rugged dsRNA with a unique composition and physical characteristics was identified with high specificity of binding to TLR3, which conveys an important range of therapeutic opportunities. Unlike the previous known antiviral Ampligen® (poly I, poly C12,U) the new and improved form (poly I, poly C30,U) has a reduced tendency to form branched dsRNA which results in increased bioactivity due to an increased ability to bind TLR3 receptor. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the new nucleic acid as active ingredients and methods of treatment are also provided. The invention also provides a description of the physicochemical properties of this novel form of Rugged dsRNA and a method for its preparation in substantially pure form. DsRNAs acting thru TLR3 receptor activation are potent antiviral compounds as well as anticancer agents; also through secondary immunomodulation they can enhance the bioactivity of vaccines and also treat autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: A DC superconducting coaxial transmission system provides electrical transmission of 5,000 megawatts of energy while simultaneously delivering liquid hydrogen. The transmission system includes a coaxial transmission segment including an inner superconductor, an outer superconductor disposed in surrounding relation to the inner conductor, and a dielectric insulator disposed between the inner superconductor and the outer superconductor. Liquid hydrogen surrounds the superconductors. Three phase transformers and poly phase rectifier/inverters provide a DC voltage source to the superconductors from the electrical grid. In one embodiment, a switching circuit connected between the voltage source and the superconductor injects a cancellation current component into the direct current flow.

Abstract: A novel form of Rugged dsRNA with a unique composition and physical characteristics was identified with high specificity of binding to TLR3, which conveys an important range of therapeutic opportunities. Unlike the previous known antiviral Ampligen® (poly I, poly C12,U) the new and improved form (poly I, poly C30,U) has a reduced tendency to form branched dsRNA which results in increased bioactivity due to an increased ability to bind TLR3 receptor. Pharmaceutical formulations containing the new nucleic acid as active ingredients and methods of treatment are also provided. The invention also provides a description of the physicochemical properties of this novel form of Rugged dsRNA and a method for its preparation in substantially pure form. DsRNAs acting thru TLR3 receptor activation are potent antiviral compounds as well as anticancer agents; also through secondary immunomodulation they can enhance the bioactivity of vaccines and also treat autoimmune disorders.

Abstract: Chronic fatigue syndrome and prolonged QT interval are treated using one or more different double-stranded ribonucleic acids (dsRNA).

Abstract: An antiviral/immunomodulatory response in an animal is induced by oral administration to an infected animal, including humans, of a human ?-interferon. Methods of conferring resistance or mitigating the effects of exposure to a virus including avian influenza are described.

Abstract: An antiviral/immunomodulatory response in an animal is induced by oral administration to an infected animal, including humans, of a human ?-interferon. Methods of conferring resistance or mitigating the effects of exposure to a virus including avian influenza are described.