Abstract: The present invention concerns the synthesis of the salts of a Triazolium N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) catalyst in various salt forms prepared from 2-methylaniline, 2-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride or 2-methylphenylhydrazine. The molecules so prepared are useful in catalysis of carbene reactions and are advantageous due to their lack of chlorinated or fluorinated intermediates and lack of chlorine or fluorine in the final structure.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the concentration of certain contaminants in liquids by the chemical reduction of the contaminant using a hydride. A suitable reactor is charged with the contaminated liquid. An amount of catalyst and then an amount of hydride are added to the reactor. The hydride reacts with the contaminant in the liquid, chemically reducing and thus destroying a portion of the contaminant and thereby reducing the concentration of the contaminant in the liquid. Additional hydride can be added to further reduce the concentration to meet a desired level.

Abstract: A process control method for the on-line operation in real time of a low-rank-coal pyrolysis process producing a coal-char product, a pyrolysis gas, and a complex multi-component coal-tar-oil. The control method is based on measuring the concentration of selected compounds in the three products, a solid phase, a gas phase and a liquid phase condensed from the gas-phase, using a combination of spectrometric technology including scanning in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet and microwave spectral regions, and analyzing the data based on application of a modified Chi-Square data manipulation fitting technique developed for the specific products and process. This process control method provides a basis for accurate on-line control of the process operating parameters and allows optimization of the coal-char quality as well as the quality and yield of the extracted coal-tar-oil with unique chemical composition derived from low-rank coal in a pyrolysis process.

Abstract: Systems and methods to generate power using wind and controlled air movement and related structures to more cost effectively produce energy and protect system components.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using such compositions for treating subsurface soil in an aquifer to remove contaminants that may be present in water of the aquifer. The composition includes a first solution and a second solution. The first solution includes at least one chemical capable of being effectively bound to soil to form a sorbent matrix by reacting in the subsurface. The second solution includes at least one chemical capable of reacting with at least one of the chemicals in the first solution in order to create the matrix. The first and second solutions are chosen so as to react on a time scale allowing at least one chemical in the first solution to bind to the soil.

Abstract: A system for generating electrical power from wind energy includes a wind turbine; a generator configured to generate electrical energy in response to the rotation of the wind turbine; an inertial storage device configured to receive electrical energy from the generator and to store it as kinetic energy; and a continuously-variable transmission configured to be selectively coupled between the wind turbine and the generator, and between the wind turbine and the inertial storage device.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the concentration of certain contaminants in liquids by the chemical reduction of the contaminant using a hydride. A suitable reactor is charged with the contaminated liquid. An amount of catalyst and then an amount of hydride are added to the reactor. The hydride reacts with the contaminant in the liquid, chemically reducing and thus destroying a portion of the contaminant and thereby reducing the concentration of the contaminant in the liquid. Additional hydride can be added to further reduce the concentration to meet a desired level.

Abstract: A wind power system including a wind turbine affixed to a support tower, and a wind deflector deployable relative to a direction of air flow and configured to control the movement of at least a portion of air flow passing through rotor blades of the wind turbine to reduce wind loads on the components of the wind turbine while maintaining the air flow in an operating power production range.

Abstract: A cylindrical reactor has walls and a base, forming a chamber in which permanently manufactured micelle array nanoparticles may be manufactured. The reactor has a disk impeller inside the chamber which serves to mix reagents in the chamber and a collar which facilitates the mixing process. The reactor is effective to input an amount of energy to the mixed reagents such that particle coagulation is prevented but formation of PCMA nanoparticles is permitted. A method for manufacturing PCMA nanoparticles is disclosed. Reagents, beginning with prepared core particles, are stepwise added to a reactor and mixed. A high sheer mixing unit is used to input an amount of energy to the mixed reagents such that particle coagulation is prevented but formation of PCMA nanoparticles is permitted.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing target chemicals from water includes a reaction chamber, a source of an aqueous solution of the target chemicals that can be supplied on demand to the reaction chamber, a timer that times a reaction between the particles and the target chemicals such that a concentration of the target chemicals in the aqueous solution reaches a predetermined low level in a desired time, and elements for removing the aqueous phase from the reactor while keeping the particles entrained inside the reactor using a microfilter configured to be back flushed, adding aqueous solution to the reactor from the source and continuing cycles until the particles are saturated, removing and replacing the particles in a final cycle of a particle charge lifetime, and recovering the target chemicals from the particles such that the particles can be reused.

Abstract: A wind power system including a wind turbine affixed to a support tower, and a wind deflector deployable relative to a direction of air flow and configured to control the movement of at least a portion of air flow passing through rotor blades of the wind turbine to reduce wind loads on the components of the wind turbine while maintaining the air flow in an operating power production range.

Abstract: Systems and methods to generate power using wind and controlled air movement and related structures to more cost effectively produce energy and protect system components.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using such compositions for treating subsurface soil in an aquifer to remove contaminants that may be present in water of the aquifer. The composition includes a first solution and a second solution. The first solution includes at least one chemical capable of being effectively bound to soil to form a sorbent matrix by reacting in the subsurface. The second solution includes at least one chemical capable of reacting with at least one of the chemicals in the first solution in order to create the matrix. The first and second solutions are chosen so as to react on a time scale allowing at least one chemical in the first solution to bind to the soil.

Abstract: There is described a storage system and associated methods having increased storage capacity for natural gas or methane. The systems and methods store a larger quantity of natural gas at similar pressures and volumes to conventional storage systems. The systems utilize readily available carbons treated to increase the amount of natural gas adsorbed to the carbon to store a high level of natural gas.

Abstract: Systems, compositions, and methods for producing one or more unstable chemical species uniformly at an invariant rate of production over time and at substantially precise and/or exact concentrations are disclosed. The produced unstable product is synthesized from unstable chemical reactants. The present disclosure further describes methods of storage of an unstable chemical product to deliver it at a specific desired concentration at a specific time.

Abstract: The treatment of contaminated waters or soils by an oxidizing agent and a catalyst is described. The addition of silica as a catalyst to an oxidizing agent with or without an additional metal catalyst showed a greater remediation effect. Subsequent normal bacterial processes are unimpeded since the treatment process does not leave residual chemicals.

Abstract: Improved systems and methods to generate power using wind and controlled air movement and related structures to more cost effectively produce energy and protect system components.

Abstract: A novel series of compositions with aqueous chemicals decontamination activity and their uses is described. The preparation of esters of fatty acids with polyols that contain lactic acid is also described. These novel compositions release hydroxy acid and fatty acids slowly into water providing activity over long periods of time with the compounds exhibiting biodegradable characteristics and aiding in the biodegradation of contaminants.

Abstract: A novel series of compositions with aqueous chemicals decontamination activity and their uses is described. The preparation of esters of fatty acids with polyols that contain lactic acid is also described. These novel compositions release hydroxy acid and fatty acids slowly into water providing activity over long periods of time with the compounds exhibiting biodegradable characteristics and aiding in the biodegradation of contaminants.

Abstract: A method of depolymerizing formulated rubbers and polymer solids is described. The method utilizes a solvent at or above the solvent's critical pressure and critical temperature with a low ratio of solvent to the solid material. The resulting depolymerized material in either substantially solid or highly viscous liquid form can be repolymerized with the addition of more monomer.