Abstract: The conventional spark plug (or plugs) of a spark-fired gasoline engine are removed and replaced with a high-power spark plug (or plugs) capable of delivering very high power (e.g., one megawatt) over a relatively-narrow time interval (e.g., 20 nanoseconds). Next, the gasoline is replaced with a readily-available non-volatile fuel (e.g., JP-8). The gasoline—and its transportation, storage, handling and/or use—is eliminated altogether, thereby removing a strategic and tactical threat from enemy and terrorist forces who otherwise would be targeting the gasoline tanks or transports. Additionally, or alternatively, the fuel in the line (or the fuel injector) may be heated to start a cold engine or under cold ambient temperatures. The invention is also applicable to consumer products (e.g., lawnmowers) where the extra expense of occasional use is a tradeoff for safety and convenience.

Abstract: A method of using a petroleum based fuel in an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel has a flash point of at least 5° F. and the fuel is heated, within the engine, to a temperature above 5° F. The electrodes of the spark plugs are continually energized until the electrodes are at a temperature above the flashpoint of the fuel. The electrodes of the spark plugs are then energized intermittently and the fuel is introduced into the heated cylinders to ignite the fuel in the cylinders in a selected sequence. An alternate embodiment of a heated electrode is disclosed.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines which are used infrequently in emergency situations.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines, which are employed to power vehicles such as trucks, buses, tractors and boats.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for internal combustion engines which is stable for storage for a year or more. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits. The fuel has a desired octane number. A biocide is added to the fuel. The fuel is stored in a plastic container which has been treated in an environment of fluorine gas. A method of packaging the emergency fuel is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for using emergency fuel for internal combustion engines which is stable for storage for a year or more. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits, one fraction being aliphatic hydrocarbons, the other fraction being aromatic hydrocarbons. Varying the relative content of the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mineral spirits provides a fuel with the desired octane number. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: A special fuel is formulated for use with diesel engines which are used infrequently in emergency situations.

Abstract: A method of using a petroleum based fuel in an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel has a flash point of at least 100.degree. F. and the fuel is heated, within the engine, to a temperature above 100.degree. F. The heated fuel is introduced into the cylinders in the engine and ignited within the cylinder to start the engine. The heat source is removed after the engine has become warm. In an alternate embodiment, the electrodes of the spark plugs are continually energized until the electrodes are at a temperature above the flashpoint of the fuel. The electrodes of the spark plugs are then energized intermittently and the fuel is introduced into the heated cylinders to ignite the fuel in the cylinders in a selected sequence.

Abstract: The combination of a container having an emergency fuel therein for an internal combustion engine. The container is disposed in a trunk of a vehicle or in a storage compartment on a boat. A handle is formed on a body of the container. A closable outlet is formed on the body. A spout is adapted to be connected to the closable outlet. The container is manually releasably retained in the trunk of the vehicle. Also a method is disclosed of safely storing a stable emergency fuel in the trunk of a vehicle or in a storage compartment on a boat.

Abstract: The combination of a container having an emergency fuel therein for an internal combustion engine. The container is disposed in a trunk of a vehicle or in a storage compartment on a boat. A handle is formed on a body of the container. A closable outlet is formed on the body. A spout is adapted to be connected to the closable outlet. The container is manually releasably retained in the trunk of the vehicle. Also a method is disclosed of safely storing a stable emergency fuel in the trunk of a vehicle or in a storage compartment on a boat.

Abstract: An emergency fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The emergency fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed. The fuel is a mixture of two fractions of refined mineral spirits, one fraction being 58-50% by weight and having 0% aromatics, the other fraction being 42-50% by weight and having 100% aromatics. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: A method of using a petroleum based fuel in an internal combustion gasoline engine. The fuel has a flash point of at least 100.degree. F. and the fuel is heated, within the engine, to a temperature above 100.degree. F. The heated fuel is introduced into the cylinders in the engine and ignited within the cylinder to start the engine. The heat source is removed after the engine has become warm.

Abstract: An emergency alternative fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The alternative fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed. The fuel is a refined mineral spirits and may have 0-30% by volume mixed isomers of primary amyl alcohol blended therewith. A biocide is added to the mineral spirits.

Abstract: An emergency alternative fuel for internal combustion engines is stable for storage for a year or more. The alternative fuel is stored in a container which has an outlet sealed with a removable seal. The container is prevented from being reused for storage after the seal is removed.

Abstract: Metallic surfaces are coated with vitreous enamel by a process in which a cleaning pretreatment of the metal surface to remove surface oil is not required. An enamel-forming material is applied to metal surface coated with a polybutene as the surface oil. The thus-coated metal surface is fired at a temperature sufficiently high to cause the enamel-forming material to form a vitreous enamel coating. The preferred method for applying the enamel-forming material is electrostatic deposition.