Abstract: An iontophoresis device (10) includes a membrane applied to said skin having a drug delivery aperture, a solvent delivery aperture and a vent aperture for applying a vacuum between the membrane and skin. A drug cartridge defines a drug containing chamber in communication with the drug delivery aperture and a drug air chamber separated by a first flexible membrane. A solvent cartridge defines a solvent containing chamber and a solvent air chamber separated by a second flexible membrane. An electrode is positioned between the membrane and the skin and surrounds the drug delivery aperture and the solvent delivery aperture. A drug cartridge may also include two separate chambers, one containing a lyophilized agent, the other containing a solvent. The solvent and the agent remain separate until mixed during operation of the device.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Abstract: An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Abstract: The disclosure provides nucleic acids including the polynucleotide sequence of the human MAFbx core promoter involved in muscle specific expression. Also provided are reporters operably linked to a polynucleotide sequence including MAFbx transcription regulatory sequences, and constructs including polynucleotides that encode reporters and other polynucleotide sequences operably linked to the MAFbx core transcription regulatory sequence. Systems for identifying agents that inhibit muscle loss and/or increase muscle mass or tone are also provided.

Abstract: A valve deactivation lifter including means for restricting relative rotation between the pin housing and the lifter body. When used in a V-style or slant engine, a prior art deactivation lifter can be subject to oil drainage during engine shutdown if the oil supply port in the pin housing rests in the “down” position. In an improved lifter, relative rotation between the pin housing and the lifter body is limited and the pin housing is oriented such that the oil supply port is never on the underside of the pin housing. Rotation may be limited by any of several means, for example, a ball disposed in a dimple in the pin housing and extending into a longitudinal groove in the lifter body, and a flat on the pin housing and locking means installed in the lifter body to engage the flat and thus prevent rotation of the pin housing.

Abstract: A valve deactivation lifter including means for restricting relative rotation between the pin housing and the lifter body. When used in a V-style or slant engine, a prior art deactivation lifter can be subject to oil drainage during engine shutdown if the oil supply port in the pin housing rests in the “down” position. In an improved lifter, relative rotation between the pin housing and the lifter body is limited and the pin housing is oriented such that the oil supply port is never on the underside of the pin housing. Rotation may be limited by any of several means, for example, a ball disposed in a dimple in the pin housing and extending into a longitudinal groove in the lifter body, and a flat on the pin housing and locking means installed in the lifter body to engage the flat and thus prevent rotation of the pin housing.

Abstract: An improved pin housing sub-assembly configured for reliable assembly and stability as an intermediate sub-assembly. The length of the plunger return spring is greater than the diameter of the spring well in the pin housing, such that the spring cannot be accidentally installed sideways in the well. During assembly, the non-compressed longer spring places the pushrod seat flush with the end of the pin housing. A shallow annular groove is provided in the inner wall of the pin housing near the outer end thereof, and an expansion ring may be installed therein when the plunger return spring is slightly compressed. The expansion ring holds the sub-assembly together as an intermediate but is displaced by the spring tower in a subsequent assembly step to become the locking ring between the pin housing and the spring tower, as in the prior art.