Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, has located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a further layer containing a cyclometallated complex represented by Formula (4?) wherein: Z and the dashed arc represent two or three atoms and the bonds necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring with M; each A represents H or a substituent and each B represents an independently selected substituent on the Z atoms, provided that two or more substituents may combine to form a fused ring or a fused ring system; j is 0-3 and k is 1 or 2; M represents a Group IA, IIA, IIIA and IIB element of the Periodic Table; m and n are independently selected integers selected to provide a neutral charge on the complex; and provided that the complex does not contain the 8-hydroxyquinolate ligand. Such devices exhibit reduce drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, has located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a further layer containing a cyclometallated complex represented by Formula (4?) wherein: Z and the dashed arc represent two or three atoms and the bonds necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring with M; each A represents H or a substituent and each B represents an independently selected substituent on the Z atoms, provided that two or more substituents may combine to form a fused ring or a fused ring system; j is 0-3 and k is 1 or 2; M represents a Group IA, IIA, IIIA and IIB element of the Periodic Table; m and n are independently selected integers selected to provide a neutral charge on the complex; and provided that the complex does not contain the 8-hydroxyquinolate ligand. Such devices exhibit reduce drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, wherein (i) the light-emitting layer comprises up to 10 volume % of a light emitting compound and at least one anthracene host compound of Formula (3): wherein W1-W10 independently represents hydrogen or an independently selected substituent, and (ii) a further layer located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, contains (a) 10-volume % or more of an anthracene compound of Formula (3) and (b) at least one salt or complex of an element selected from Group IA, IIA, IIIA and IIB of the Periodic Table. Such devices exhibit reduced drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and comprising; (i) in the light-emitting layer at least one light emitting compound selected from amine containing monostyryl, amine containing distyryl, amine containing tristyryl and amine containing tetrastyryl compounds, and (ii) a further layer located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, containing (a) 10-volume % or more of a carbocyclic fused ring aromatic compound, and (b) at least one salt or complex of a Group IA, IIA, IIIA or IIB element of the Periodic Table. Such devices exhibit reduce drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, having located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a further layer containing; (a) 10 vol % or more of a carbocyclic fused ring aromatic compound, and (b) a cyclometallated complex represented by Formula (4?) wherein: Z and the dashed arc represent two or three atoms and the bonds necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered ring with M; each A represents H or a substituent and each B represents an independently selected substituent on the Z atoms, provided that two or more substituents may combine to form a fused ring or a fused ring system; j is 0-3 and k is 1 or 2; M represents a Group IA, IIA, IIIA and IIB element of the Periodic Table; and m and n are independently selected integers selected to provide a neutral charge on the complex; and provided that the complex does not contain the 8-hydroxyquinolate ligand. Such devices exhibit reduce drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and comprises; (i) a further layer located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, containing (a) 10 vol % or more of a carbocyclic fused ring aromatic compound, and (b) at least one salt or complex of a Group IA, IIA, IIIA and IIB element of the Periodic Table, and (ii) an additional layer, located between the anode and the light emitting layer, containing a compound of Formula (8) wherein: each R independently represents hydrogen or an independently selected substituent, at least one R representing an electron-withdrawing substituent having a Hammett's sigma para value of at least 0.3. Such devices exhibit reduce drive voltage while maintaining good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device including a cathode, an anode, one or more light-emitting layers disposed between the anode and cathode to produce white light and a layer disposed between the light-emitting layer(s) and the cathode. The layer includes a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that has the lowest LUMO value of the compounds in the layer, in an amount greater than or equal to 10% by volume and less than 100% by volume of the layer; at least one second compound exhibiting a higher LUMO value than the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, where at least one of the second compounds is a low voltage electron-transporting material, and the total amount of such second compounds(s) is less than or equal to 90% by volume of the layer; and a metallic material based on a metal having a work function less than 4.2 eV.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an electron-transporting layer (ETL), a light-emitting layer (LEL) containing a fluorescent light-emitting material, a hole-transporting layer (HTL), and an anode, in that order, wherein the ETL comprises a mixture of compounds, including a first compound and at least one second compound, and wherein there is present a hole blocking layer (HBL) adjacent to the LEL on the cathode side. It provides a reduced drive voltage with comparable color hue.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a light-emitting layer containing a hydrocarbon host material and a light-emitting material of Formula (1): wherein: each Ar represents an independently selected aromatic group; each R1 represents an independently selected alkyl group or aromatic group; n is 1 or 2; Za represents the atoms necessary to form an aromatic ring group; R represents hydrogen or a substituent group; Z represents hydrogen or a substituent group; and L1 and L2 represent independently selected substituent groups; provided that any two adjacent substituents of any of the above groups may join to form a ring.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device comprises a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, has located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a layer containing (a) more than 10 vol % of a carbocyclic fused ring aromatic compound and (b) at least one salt or complex of an alkali or alkaline earth metal. The device provides reduced drive voltage and good luminance.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device contains a cathode, a light emitting layer and an anode, in that order, and, has located between the cathode and the light emitting layer, a layer containing (a) more than 10 vol % of a carbocyclic fused ring aromatic compound and (b) a complex of a monovalent metal. The device provides reduced drive voltage and good luminance.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises, in sequence, an anode, a light-emitting layer that comprises a phosphorescent light-emitting organometallic compound, a hole-blocking layer, and a cathode, and between the hole-blocking layer and the cathode, a further layer containing: a) a first compound that has the lowest LUMO value of the compounds in the layer, the amount being greater than or equal to 10% by volume and less than 100% by volume of the layer; b) at least one second compound that is a low voltage electron transport material, exhibiting a higher LUMO value than the first compound, the total amount of said compound(s) being less than or equal to 90% by volume and more than 0% by volume of the layer. Such a device provides improved drive voltage.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, a light emitting layer, and on the cathode side of said emitting layer, a further layer, wherein the further layer is an electron-transporting layer containing: a) a first compound that has the lowest LUMO value of the compounds in the layer, the amount being greater than 10% by volume and less than 100% by volume of the layer; b) at least one second compound that is a low voltage electron transport material, exhibiting a higher LUMO value than the first compound, the total amount of said compound(s) being less than 90% by volume and more than 0% by volume of the layer; provided, that when paragraphs a) and b) each contain a single compound and the compound of paragraph a) is tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III), then the compound of paragraph b) is not 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; and provided further that when paragraphs a) and b) each contain a single compound and the compound of paragraph b) is tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III), then the compound of paragr

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, a light emitting layer, and on the cathode side of said emitting layer, a further layer containing a) a first compound that has the lowest LUMO value of the compounds in the layer, in an amount greater than or equal to 10% by volume and less than 100% by volume of the layer; b) at least one second compound exhibiting a higher LUMO value than the first compound, where at least one of the second compounds is a low voltage electron transport material, the total amount of such second compounds(s) is less than or equal to 90% by volume of the layer; and c) a metallic material based on a metal having a work function less than 4.2 eV.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, and having therebetween a light emitting layer containing (a) an anthracene material represented by Formula (1): wherein: Ar2, Ar9, and Ar10 independently represent an aryl group, v1, v3, v4, v5, v6, v7, and v8 independently represent hydrogen or a substituent; and (b) a light emitting dopant; the device further containing on the cathode side of the light emitting layer an electron transporting layer that contains a minor portion or no AlQ3. The device exhibits improved color or operating voltage or both.

Abstract: Methods of formulating enzyme cocktails based on the presence of enzyme-hydrolysable components in a target stain and/or soil. More specifically, the formulation of an enzyme cocktail comprising a specific enzyme for each component in a target stain and/or soil, optionally wherein each enzyme is incorporated at a level corresponding to the level of an enzyme-hydrolysable component in said target stain and/or soil. Further, enzyme cocktails for removing egg-based and grass-based stains, optionally formulated in accordance with the methods disclosed herein. Moreover, compositions and products comprising the enzyme cocktails disclosed herein and methods of using same.

Abstract: An OLED device comprises a light emitting layer containing a certain type of electroluminescent component having a first bandgap, a non-electroluminescent component having a second bandgap, and one or more further non-electroluminescent components having further bandgaps, wherein the components have certain bandgap relationships.

Abstract: An OLED device produces white light and comprises (A) a red light emitting layer and (B) a blue light emitting layer wherein the red light emitting layer contains a certain type of electroluminescent component having a first bandgap, a non-electroluminescent component having a second bandgap, and one or more further non-electroluminescent components having further bandgaps in which the bandgaps all have a specified relationship.

Abstract: A process for improving the stability to photo-oxidation of a polycyclic aromatic compound having at least two polymorphic forms comprises treating a first polymorph with one or more solvents to obtain the more stable second polymorph and then separating the second polymorph from the solvent.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a naphthacene compound comprises the steps of: (a) reacting a propargyl alcohol compound with a reagent capable of forming a leaving group to form a reaction mixture containing an intermediate; and then (b) heating the intermediate in the presence of a solvent and in the absence of any oxidizing agent and in the absence of any base, to form the naphthacene compound.