Abstract: A process of forming a continuous carbon electrode for use in a smelting furnace in situ is disclosed. The process consists of at least two annular members, the first annular member provides the heat for softening, and baking the electrode paste to form a solid carbon electrode and the second annular member provides the electric current for the furnace. The second annular member receives energy independent of the first annular member. The weight of the electrode is supported either by the first annular member or by a third annular member which is added between the first two annular members.

Abstract: Heated molten material is circulated in a closed cycle between a heater and a storage tank. The heater is controlled to maintain the temperature of the circulating fluid at a predetermined level. A replenishment supply of solid material to be melted is mixed with the heated fluid during retention in a melting container during the circulation from heater to storage tank.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding charge to an electric smelting furnace is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a single feed hopper and a single feed tube to a separation box from whence charge can be distributed in the furnace. Segregation of the charge being fed is substantially reduced by a system of automatically operated valves.