Abstract: A miss detector for a content addressable memory has plural input lines connected across points with the memory output lines. The detector input lines are disposed in pairs of true and false lines, and gating circuitry gates together the true and false pairs to provide a miss error message.

Abstract: An output circuit which can minimize the delay in combining two clocks comprises a multiplexer with a flip flop connected to one input and a clocked latch connected to the other. The clocked latch is transparent during one clocking state so that changes to its input appear directly at its output.

Abstract: An integrated current reference circuit uses two current mirror circuits, in which one of the transistors of one of the current mirrors has a back gate connection to the power rail, the drain-source path being connected to the power rail via a voltage offset element.

Abstract: A current mirror has an input node for receiving an input current and an output node for providing an output current. First, second and third transistors are provided with each transistor having first and second current path terminals and a control terminal. The control terminals of the first and second transistors are connected to each other. The first current path terminal of the first transistor and one of the current path terminals of the second transistor are connected to a power supply. The control terminal of the third transistor is connected to the input node. One of the first and second current path terminals of the third transistor are connected to the output node and the other of the first and second current path terminals of the third transistor are connected to the other of the first and second current path terminals of the second transistor. A resistive element is arranged between the input node and the second current path terminal of the first transistor.

Abstract: A start-up circuit applies a start-up current to a current generator. The start-up circuit includes an application circuit for applying the start-up current to the current generator and an ensuring circuit ensuring that the current generator is in a predetermined stable state before the start-up current is applied thereto. The ensuring circuit prevents a flow of current in the current generator prior to application of the start-up current so that the stable state is one in which current is not conducting.